But Will It Change Its Own Potty Pads? What Service Dogs Really Do
There are many kinds of service dogs trained to help humans with differing conditions and in differing situations. Assistance dogs are put through many kinds of rigorous training before being placed in a home or a job. Most service dogs are initially raised in foster homes, with human foster parents who work constantly with the puppies to get them ready for serious careers. They start with the basics that all family puppies must learn: puppy housebreaking, puppy crate training, and general puppy house training such as not chewing the furniture. These skills are then built upon by trainers to teach the dogs more complex commands and behaviors.
The advanced skills that service dogs are taught depends greatly on the type of work they will do as adults. Dogs bound for police work undergo agility training, and specialized training for the type of work they will do. Beagles and Bloodhounds are often trained to sniff out narcotics and cadavers. German Shepherds intended for police work usually undergo training in crowd control and suspect detainment. Most all kinds of service dogs go through a large amount of socialization training. This includes dealing with crowds and loud noises, as well as dealing with children and the elderly. Social training is one very important aspect of service dog training that police dogs and assistance dogs both learn.
When most people hear the term "service dogs" they think of dogs that are trained as companion helpers to humans with disabilities. Many movies have played up the abilities of service dogs and given the idea that they can do absolutely everything for a human, including changing their own potty pads or taking themselves for walks, or even cooking dinner. While assistance dogs are intelligent, highly trained, and well skilled, they are still canines on four legs. The purpose of a service dog is to help a person with disabilities handle daily activities more easily, and to provide a companion. In many ways, simply being a constant companion is the best help a service dog can give. Some service dogs' jobs are simply to stay with their humans all the time and get help in the event of persistent occurrences such as seizures. In many ways, these dogs do not just perform helpful assistance, they literally save lives.
Many assistance dogs do help around the house by opening doors and drawers, or fetching specified objects on command. This can be an enormous help for persons who use wheelchairs. Still others enable visually impaired people to move more freely through the home and the outside world. Some assistance dogs are now being trained to help doctors find cancer in humans by sniffing out the cancer cells. The range of what canine companions are capable of is extensive, as are the number of organizations that help place assistance dogs with people who need them. For people interested in fostering and training service dogs, becoming acquainted with the most local assistance dog services available is a good first step. Most all of these organizations have different training programs for people and the dogs. Just don't expect them to change their own potty pads; at least not without a bit of training.
House training a puppy is hard work. Make the task easier for you and your puppy with Doggy Pads. Eco-friendly disposable puppy training pads will help your puppy train faster. For help with puppy training, visit:
http://www.doggypads.com
GCI training with Jerry the Service Dog
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If you choose graphite shafts for your irons, the weights will be one point lighter than listed.
The bounce on the Rapture V2 irons is quite pronounced, especially in the more lofted clubs, although this is a common feature of super game improvement irons because they tend to have wider soles to make getting the ball up in the air easier. The 9 iron sports 9 degrees of bounce and the PW has 10 degrees and the gap wedge has 11 degree. Discount golf clubs helps you get what you want. The SW has 12 degrees, which is great for getting out of the sand, but the lob wedge also has 12 degrees of bounce which might make hitting off of tight lies a little tricky. That's why we recommend a forged wedge with a scoring or C grind to help you hit off of tight lies instead of the matched lob wedge.
Variable Thickness Titanium Face Insert for Maximum Launch Velocity
Ping perfected the variable thickness face technology (VFT) which increases ball speed for maximum launch velocity at any clubhead speed. This VFT titanium face is machined by a sophisticated computer-aided milling process to fine tune the face for maximum forgiveness and explosion. The titanium face is then plasma-welded to the stainless steel head. This multi-materail clubhead offer the best of each element without having to contend with the drawbacks of each.
Rapture V2 Iron's High Launch Angle Allows for Stronger Lofts
Most super game improvement irons are designed to help amatuer golfers get the ball up in the air - a common problem with high handicappers, but something that most recreational golfers can use help with. The Ping Rapture V2s do such a great job of making it easy to hit the ball up in the air with a steep launch angle and a high flying trajectory that the lofts on these irons are stronger than you would find on a standard golf iron set. This means golfers can generate greater distance with each iron without sacrificing control.
Each Rapture V2 iron is constructed with a Custom Tuning Port to stabilize the titanium insert face to help ensure a solid feel and consistency. Extra tungsten weighting on the sole helps position the center of gravity as low as possible low and farther back for higher launching shots.
Are you worried that your dog doesn't get enough exercise because of a weight problem and does he just sit around all day like a couch potato?
If experts have discovered that exercise is key to human health and wellbeing, it is safe to say that your Dog will benefit from the same research. Physical and mental health is vastly improved in both species when exercise is introduced in to their lives.
A few things that exercise can do for your pet are improve muscle tone, increase bone density, improve joint mobility, improve cardiovascular capacity, better digestion and promote healthier blood pressure. The state of mind for your Dog is extremely important for good quality of life, and an exercise program will relieve stress in many ways. The benefits are too many to mention, including lessening the risk of many diseases.
In obedience training, exercise plays a key role in your pets life. In most cases, exercise before any kind of training will give you a calmer participant than a pet that has a lot of pent-up energy possibly cause him or her not to listen.
An added benefit to regular exercise is helping you and your dog to form a strong bond. Training and exercise promote a bond with your pet that there is no equal to. Dogs in general want desperately to please their masters and enjoy performing well in a training situation. Besides the training aspect, playing games is a very good way to get exercise and have fun with them at the same time. Throwing a frisbee across a field or any other way to cause movement will benefit your pet. There are even indoor things you can do for exercise such as throwing a dog toy to be retrieved and brought back to you. Play tug of war with an old sock or even hide a treat of some kind for him or her to find. All good fun.
If you are extremely busy and just can't give your dog the time, there are services will walk your dog for you daily. You can even hire the neighborhood child to walk your dog every day. Doggie treadmills are made especially for dogs will also give him exercise. There are many makes and models of doggie doors you can purchase so that your dog can go outside any time they want.
If you do have the time, there are many dog competitions that you and your dog can become a part of. Dog sledding, sport hunting or herding competitions, lure coursing, fly tracking and obedience competitions. All involve movement and all require lots of exercise.
There are also free classes that you can sign your dog up for such as Doga (yoga for dogs). Doga has stretching and moving and promotes a calm wellbeing.
Just remember, it's important not to get your dog used to just sitting around all day. Getting the proper amount of exercise can help him live a longer and happier life that you will want to share with him.
If you have any questions on Dog Training Equipment or Posh Pampered Pets, please call 936-520-2903. Our home office is located in Waller, Texas, with warehouses located throughout the United States such as Dallas TX, Houston TX, New York NY, Denver CO, Chicago ILL, Seattle WA, Kansas City MO, Miami FL, Raleigh-Durham NC, Washington DC, Los Angeles CA, Fayetteville AR,Philadelphia PA, Phoenix Arizona, San Antonio TX (Texas.
About the Author
This article was written by Janine Carter, owner of Posh Pampered Pets . If you have any questions regarding dog training or pet needs please feel free to call 936-520-2903.
7-Month old Malinois!! Dog Training, DC
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Are people going to see me as a threat because of the breed of dog i want?
I saw a programme last night where people use their dogs as weapons. It was on BBC3. On the programme they has a french mastiff which is used for a fighting machine. People were scared of the dog and of the owner because of the breed of dog and because of its use.
The thing is i have wanted a french mastiff dogs for ages. Not for fighting, not for any kind of threat or protection. but because i love the breed and its going to be my pet where it is trained correctly and not to fight it is also going to be socialised properly with other dogs and people. I'm even going to be making it into a pets as therapy dog where it goes to children hospitals, old folk homes and other places like that.
Are people going to see me as a threat because of the breed of dog i want?
For those who don't know a french mastiff or a dogue de bordeaux as it is known is the same kind of dog in "Turner and Hooch"
In my experience actually yes most people will see your dog as threatening. I have a german shepard and a pit bull. Both are well trained and friendly, but when I walk them the majority of the time people will walk off the sidewalk or across the street. A lot of people are just plain nervous or scared of dogs, especially big dogs. There's nothing you can do about it. Just properly train your dog and don't worry about it when people don't want to meet your dog. My little sister is terrified of my shepard just because she doesn't like big dogs even though she knows how well trained he is and how friendly he is. He stil makes her nervous. My best friend has a french mastif and he's freaking awesome!! I to am a huge fan and hope to one day have one. Good luck and by the way...Turner and Hooch is awesome!!!!
Animal Assisted Therapy - Daniela Ortner & Buddha
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A new UK classified jobs board for the security industry has been launched
A new UK classified jobs board for the security industry has been created that will attract security employees and employers in the fields of bouncers, doormen, door supervisors, close protection to name but a few.
The new website took its global launching recently, and will attract the trades employers and employees from across the UK. The purpose behind the making of this jobs board is to help new and experienced security professionals find employment across the UK.
The jobs board is very user friendly and totally free to use for employees seeking jobs within the industry. They will be able to search by town, county or postcode and can also search by the type of security job sector or job title they are looking for. The jobs board hosts different job titles such as Door Supervisors, Doorman, Bouncers, VIP/Close Protection, Porters, Security Guards, Concierge and for venues and sectors like Bars/Pubs & Clubs, Events, Resorts, Hotels, Apartments and many more.
Forming of this classified jobs board within the security trade took roots when it dawned on the developer that many people pursuing a job within security found it difficult to know where to start. The idea of the jobs board will help people of all levels to find the most relevant employers for the trade that they are currently involved in.
The site also boasts a forum which will create a social network for the security industry and help bring people together who understand the pressures and strains behind the scenes. Users will also be able to share experiences within the different security trades whilst giving newcomers a great opportunity to get a taste of their future employment and familiarise themselves with the job requirements.
Each member has the option of introducing themselves within the Forum by writing a pen picture about them however brief or descriptive. This will hopefully generate a more personal networking experience for the users. The forum will help people of all levels get the necessary advice on training, equipment, career development, and much more.
The aim is to act as a source of professionally recognised expertise in the security profession and providing a means of encouraging a wider membership to the doorman-security.com website.
This is a valuable global meeting place for security professionals to feel comfortable and exchange views and opinions about the industry, helping contribute to the growth of the website via suggestions of services for members, related to the different security professions.
A classified jobs board like this will surely help the security industry and hopefully develop and direct people in to employment. This will unquestionably be a first stop online portal for employers and employees alike. A valued experience will be gained for everyone involved and will generate thousands of visitors, by the way of employment, help and direction.
A new UK classified jobs board for the security industry has been created that will attract security employees and employers in the fields of bouncers, doormen, door supervisors, close protection to name but a few.
The new website took its global launching recently, and will attract the trades employers and employees from across the UK. The purpose behind the making of this jobs board is to help new and experienced security professionals find employment across the UK.
The jobs board is very user friendly and totally free to use for employees seeking jobs within the industry. They will be able to search by town, county or postcode and can also search by the type of security job sector or job title they are looking for. The jobs board hosts different job titles such as Door Supervisors, Doorman, Bouncers, VIP/Close Protection, Porters, Security Guards, Concierge and for venues and sectors like Bars/Pubs & Clubs, Events, Resorts, Hotels, Apartments and many more.
Forming of this classified jobs board within the security trade took roots when it dawned on the developer that many people pursuing a job within security found it difficult to know where to start. The idea of the jobs board will help people of all levels to find the most relevant employers for the trade that they are currently involved in.
The site also boasts a forum which will create a social network for the security industry and help bring people together who understand the pressures and strains behind the scenes. Users will also be able to share experiences within the different security trades whilst giving newcomers a great opportunity to get a taste of their future employment and familiarise themselves with the job requirements.
Each member has the option of introducing themselves within the Forum by writing a pen picture about them however brief or descriptive. This will hopefully generate a more personal networking experience for the users. The forum will help people of all levels get the necessary advice on training, equipment, career development, and much more.
The aim is to act as a source of professionally recognised expertise in the security profession and providing a means of encouraging a wider membership to the doorman-security.com website.
This is a valuable global meeting place for security professionals to feel comfortable and exchange views and opinions about the industry, helping contribute to the growth of the website via suggestions of services for members, related to the different security professions.
A classified jobs board like this will surely help the security industry and hopefully develop and direct people in to employment. This will unquestionably be a first stop online portal for employers and employees alike. A valued experience will be gained for everyone involved and will generate thousands of visitors, by the way of employment, help and direction.
About the Author
Security Jobs UK director
http://doorman-security.com
Schutzhund Training equipment - WUSV comptition Belgian Malinois - Malinois Training - K9 Training
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I am trying to compile "everything" someone needs for their new puppy?
I am going to send out a packet to all the people buying my puppies with articles on things like:
• crate/potty training • stopping chewing • appropriate toys • obedience training
much more then that, obviously.
Can you suggest any specific links to any good articles on puppy training? :)
You don't want to forget first aid. Here is a good link to help them gather the items needed in a pet first aid kit: http://www.avma.org/firstaid/
7-day Guaranteed Online Puppy Training Guide - Pet Obedience House Training Potty Chewing Biting
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So, you just got a new puppy, and you're realizing that behind that cute face lies a few problems. While many pet owners just write this off as typical puppy behavior, the truth is many obedience problems are the result of learned behavior. This means that ignoring the problems now will result in a continuation of them over the long-term relationship with your pet.
Here are 5 benefits of obedience training for your puppy.
Introduce Good Behavior- The simple truth is most obedience problems are the result of learned behavior. So, if you can teach your puppy how to behave properly, they'll continue that behavior later on in life. The earlier you can introduce your puppy to good behavior, the better your relationship will be.
Stimulates Puppy's Brain- Another benefit of puppy obedience training is that it stimulates your puppy's brain. During this crucial period, your pet is developing both physically and mentally. Training your puppy will help sharpen their mind and make them better able to accept later training.
Balances Puppy's Mind and Body- In addition to keeping your dog from engaging in undesirable behavior, obedience training for your puppy is necessary for ensuring the overall mental and physical health of your pet. A disciplined dog really is a happy dog. Pets crave leadership and structure; puppy obedience training helps your puppy live a more balanced life.
Socializes Your Pet- During the formative years, it's necessary to socialize your puppy with other people and pets. This will help them learn how to interact properly with strangers. The last thing you want is a dog that constantly attacks unfamiliar people and pets. Introduce your puppy to new experiences early in life.
Makes You a Better Owner- The most important benefit of obedience training for your puppy is that it teaches you to be a better owner. Owners are typically the ones who teach their pet to engage in poor behavior. By learning how to be a better owner, your pet will be happier and your relationship will be enhanced.
If you're ready to introduce your puppy to good behavior, we can help. We're Shelmar Kennels, a leading provider of puppy obedience training. We have years of experience at training all breeds of dogs and educating owners. Learn more about our training services by visiting http://www.shelmarkennels.com
About the Author
One of the best dog trainers in Houston, a dog behavior specialist, is Martin Bell. Martin and Shelly Bell, owners and operators of Shelmar Kennels, are the people to call when you need dog trainers in Houston.
Etta :: Obedience Training With A Tug
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[simpleaffiliate source="chitika" results="0"][/simpleaffiliate] Where to look for Dog Training DVD with Subtitles?
Trying to find a gift for my wife who is deaf/ hard of hearing. Can everyone look at the Dog training videos or dvds you have and see if any of them have subtitles. If so would love to know the name of it. Thank you,
Maybe a place to start looking would be Dogwise. They carry a lot of books and other materials about dogs. If they didn't have it, they might be able to advise you where to look.
http://www.dogwise.com
Good luck in your search.
Deaf Dog Training w/ Dogtra Pager American Bulldog
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Which one is better? Regular dog training schools or online free dog training materials, videos, book.
Dogs are trained to behave well with the obedience training and remove bad behaviors and also be socialized with other dogs and people in regular dog training schools. Commonly trainers put the smart dogs ahead of the pack as the leader and act as example of good behavior.
Since the old time dog training schools are well known as one of the best ways to train and teach a dog whether it is adult or young puppy. Dog training schools commonly teach obedience training and agility training for exercise and for competition in special classes.
If you are having a new puppy or adult dog to be trained for the first time which mean they have never been trained before, it is recommended for you to put the dogs at dog training schools for better result on training. It is true that dog training books, E-book on internet and even videos of training dogs can be much help when you train the dogs, but usually beginner dog owner don't really understand what to do without direct guidance from the real trainer.
Dog training schools can give the new dog owners much experience in knowing their dogs deeper than before. They can learn about dog psychology and how to socialize the dogs with other dogs, especially for young puppies. With the obedience training, dog
Owner can join the training directly with the trainer and their dogs, this will make the bond between dogs and the owners much stronger.
In these dog training schools, the trainers train not only the dogs but also the dog owner. Because dogs have natural habit to obey the pack leader, and this should be the dog owner not the trainers. So the dog owner need to learn how to train their dogs at home, the troubleshooting that can be happened, and the command used on training.
Dogs' socialization is also performed at dog training schools, because it is important for young puppy to get socialized with another dogs and people when growing up to be a well-behaved and friendly one with other dogs. Aggressive and shy dogs exist just because they were isolated in the house or kennels and have never been socialized with other dogs which make them react so weird around other dogs.
Dog training schools are very good place to start training and socialize the dogs in safe environment and supervised by professional trainers and experienced staff. In fact dog training schools make beginner-dog owners together with their dogs learn so fast, easier and effectively from the classes more than from dog training books, videos, and other online resources. It is because in dog training schools they are directly trained by professional dog trainers and they also ready to solve any problems just in time when happened on the training.
Benefits and disadvantages of dog training schools, dog training videos, books and online resources.
Learning at dog training schools got benefit on having professional dog trainers at our side to teach us and the dogs. We can learn about dog psychology, hand signals and commands used for obedience and also learn how to correct the misbehaviors. The disadvantages of dog training schools maybe the high price of dog training schools for some people that can't afford with.
Dog training books got much information about dog training that sometimes being skipped at the classes because of the limited time from trainers. Commonly dog training books tell about the dog's psychology in deep concern. Sometimes dog that has accomplished from the dog training schools still have little problems at home. This can be solve by reading the dog training books about the problems and train the dog directly.
Some dog owners hard to imagine the hand signals from the books and have no time to attend the dog training schools can learn from the dog training videos. The videos will show you how to train and act on the right way, although sometimes the video has bad sound output, you can learn by following what the trainers are doing. The disadvantage is you can't ask questions if you don't understand the videos.
You can find good dog training schools by asking to other dog owners that have joined the dog training schools before. Testimonials are always better than promotions. Pet stores owner, boarding kennels and veterinarian also recommended asking for recommended dog training schools. But be wise with this information because sometimes they are paid to promote the dog training schools.
Labrador Retriever Dog Training - Teaching a dog to run straight
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Find a hunting club in your area. I belong to 2 and they can teach you everything you will need to know about training your dog. Good luck!
How To Teach Your Dog to Limp
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[simpleaffiliate source="chitika" results="0"][/simpleaffiliate] Hello: Someone please help me. I have two female Choc. Labs and I would like to donate them to a dog job place
I need to find a home for these girls. They'll be 1 yr old in July. I have checked alot of webb sites and all they want are AKA dogs and offer them for sell in Germany, California, Canada, Virginia etc: All dog mills. They are pure bred. I would like to sell them for $200.00 which covers there shots. They're not AKA but still beautiful dogs and very smart. I don't understand why they're aren't any sites for dog donations. It would seem that someone would love to have these animals to train. I've fostered these girls for nearly a year and love them very much but can't continue due to other circumstances. Please contact me at pdanimaljones@yahoo.com if you can give me any information that might help me find a dog job or a good family to sell them too. I would very much like to donate them to a guide dog, cadavor dog or some kind of school that can train them.
You didn't "foster" them for a year. You owned them now you want to dump them.
200.$ those are expensive shots are they at least spayed?? I truly doubt if someone will pay you for a cadaver dog. There are plenty of dead dogs to use at the shelters.
Train a Dog Not To Bite
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How to Treat Cat Bites and the Cat Scratch Disease
All cat owners will know that there are times when the cat will nip at you. Cat bites can causing anything from a tiny scratch to an open wound. It is crucial for cat owners and those who only have occasional contact with cats to understand the criticalness of cat bites and how to treat cat bites to prevent cat-related diseases.
Why Does a Cat Bite?
Typically, cats bite for two reasons only. First of all, you may have been playing too rough with your kitty, which causes your cat to respond with a bite. Also, cats may bite is if they are upset about something you have done or just upset in general. Cats love to have to have privacy and they may respond angrily if someone does not respect that.
Treatment of Cat Bites
You could treat cat bites by washing the cut with soap, applying antiseptic lotion and pasting a plaster over the wound. This will ensure that the wound is clean and free from germs.
What is the Cat Scratch Disease?
A bite or scratch from a cat may lead to a more serious problem known as the cat scratch disease. The cat scratch disease is a bacterial infection caused by a cat's bite or scratch. It can also be the result of a cat licking an open wound on your body. Cats get the bacteria from fleas, and transmit it to people via their saliva Cat scratch disease is harmless to the cat but it is harmful to people who have been scratched, bitten or licked by a cat.
Symptoms of Cat Scratch Disease
People who suffer from cat scratch disease largely experience the swelling of the lymph nodes. Other symptoms may include fatigue, headache, fever, sore throat or loss of appetite.
Treatment of Cat Scratch Disease
Almost all episodes of cat scratch disease will go away on their own. Non-prescription medicine like acetaminophen or ibuprofen could help alleviate the pain in the lymph nodes. It is a good idea to see a doctor to confirm diagnosis and seek treatment if you are unsure do not know what to do some of the more serious cases of cat scratch disease may require prescription antibiotics to heal.
Prevention of Cat Scratch Disease
You could easily avoid catching cat scratch disease if you know how to prevent getting bitten or scratched by a cat. A cat is telling you to go away when it shows any of the following warning signs like meowing in an angry tone, moving their ears backwards, harmlessly swiping you or hissing. Also, wash your hands immediately after touching a cat. Lastly, if you are bitten or scratched by a cat, be sure to wash your wound right away.
About the Author
Please visit Natalie's SkinDiseaseArchive.com for more free tips on how to deal with some common skin conditions and much more.
Crazy biting cat - how to tame your pet - Barking Mad - BBC pets
[simpleaffiliate source="chitika" results="0"][/simpleaffiliate] Dog Obedience schools in Cincinnati, OH?
My parents finally caved and they are letting me take my dog to obedience school. What the school(s) that you would recommend preferably around the Indian Hill/ Madeira area. Thanks so much!!!!
I live in Sweden, so I don't know if they're any good or not, but I can't resist at least trying to help when somebody is actually interested in going to a dog trainer in real life with their dog.
Of those dog clubs that I found through Google search, these are probably the ones that I would have a closer look at first myself, http://www.petspotkennels.com/training.htm http://www.unleashedcanineobedience.com/DogTraining.html http://www.ccdtc.org/index.htm http://www.k9reflections.com/services.html http://www.allaboutdogsohio.com/ .
(This is the search result : http://maps.google.co.uk/maps?hl=en&um=1&ie=UTF-8&q=Dog+trainer+in+Madeira+area,+Cincinnati,+OH&fb=1&gl=uk&hq=Dog+trainer&hnear=Little+Miami+River+Park+and+Recreation+Area,+Cincinnati,+OH+45226,+USA&view=text&ei=2aQ3TIj3DcqnsQabmrDvBg&sa=X&oi=local_group&ct=more-results&resnum=1&ved=0CDAQtwMwAA and http://www.localsearch.com/business/Dog-Training/Cincinnati-OH/ .)
I advice you to check up more than one before you decide which to go to and don't just check and compare price, without also for example :
Where does the training takes place (as in, do they have an indoor or outdoor area)? Max number of dogs per class? How many times equals a class? Is it both practical and theoretical training? What sort of training method do they use? What education does the trainers have?
Good luck, I hope that you find a dog club that suits you and your dog.
Dog Obedience Training Schools | Puppy Obedience Training
[simpleaffiliate source="chitika" results="0"][/simpleaffiliate] Getting started in agility?
I am looking to get my 3 dogs started in agility. Im not looking right now into doing competitions just something for the family to do in our backyard and to have fun . (and exercise for the dogs) The largest dog is a purebred cocker spaniel that is about 25 lbs the other two are energetic mixes under 15 lbs. What equipment do you recommend? Any specific brands or websites I should look out?What are the average prices for the equipment? Any beginner tips from those of you that do agility?
Agility is a lot of fun for the whole family, but make sure your dogs enjoy it before you go and spend a ton of money on equipment. Sign up for a beginner agility class at a local dog training school. When you do go to buy equipment, I recommend building the easy stuff like jumps. Adjustable jumps will be a good idea since you have dogs of different sizes and capabilities. Tunnels are always fun and can be bought at children's toy stores. It won't be the same as the tunnels used at agility competitions, but for the size of dogs you have and just for doing it for fun, children's tunnels work well. My family made weave poles out of tubing found in a hardware store. Weave poles are usually hardest to teach your dog and most dogs don't like them as much as the other equipment, so I'd make these a little later. A table or pause box is also a great easy thing to make.
When you do agility, make sure to have some good treats and your dogs attention. Also make sure to do warm ups before you begin to make sure your dog doesn't pull anything while doing the agility. Some good warm ups are spin and twirl, bow, rollover, and touch.
However, I've only had him since he was 4 months old. I've owned and trained Shelties for many years, but I could use some advice with this one. He's a wonderful dog, very good with grandkids, submissive, and obedient ... that is until I put him on the leash to walk. I live in a small residential area, while he was raised on a farm. Consequently, for the first 4 months of his life, he ran free on the farm with no traffic or busy distractions. Here though, I can't allow him to run after everything that moves. He sits quietly when I put the leash on him, and we begin our walk, but every time a car (even half a block away) goes by, he barks and pulls, and would definitely run in its path. It's frightening to know he'll get hit if the leash or collar break. I tried a choker (which I absolutely hate using), but he broke the ring right off it. I've never had a problem like this with any other Shelties I've ever trained or owned, so I could use a little advice here. Thanks!
if he pulls now it will continue until you can get him to stop
go to the pet store and get a "halti" they come in all sizes. it is the same idea of a horses halter
it goes around the dogs nose and around the back of the neck you want to get one that has a back up clip that goes to a normal collar. so if the halti pulls off your dog is still attached to the leash
how they work you clip the leash to the hook that is below the jaw they can open their mouths hold a ball drink it does not bother them until the pull if they pull the halti shuts their mouth and it will turn their head to the side
because with dogs they understand things if it is instant and constant this way it is and it is up to them it is important to anyway have the leash on the same side
it does not hurt them at all.
we have a dog that with any collar he will pull he does not seem to care about his neck with a harness he pulls like a sled dog but with a halti he is great. if he does something a very small tug and he stops
it does not ware the hair off like some collars.
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To a certain degree, Indonesian can be regarded as an open language. Over the years, foreign languages such as Sanskrit, Chinese, Arabic, Portuguese, Dutch and English have influenced and expanded the Indonesian language, mostly through trade contacts and international media.
Because of its semi-open status, there are those who regard Indonesian (as well as other forms of Malay) as lacking sufficient vocabulary and specialist terminologies. Yet some linguists consider this view to be a misconception, as a vast majority of foreign adopted words do have native equivalents. For example, the word asimilasi (from the Dutch word assimilatie) can also be expressed in Indonesian as penggabungan. Many words describing more modern inventions, objects or ideas are often Indonesianised adoptions of foreign words (e.g. computer becomes komputer), although many of these words also have Indonesian equivalents. For example, a "cell/mobile phone" can be referred to in Indonesian as either pon-sel/ telepon seluler (lit. cellular-telephone), HP (pronounced hah-ph - the acronymic form of hand phone) or telepon genggam (lit. "hold-in-the-hand telephone"). Other words such as "rice cooker" may be referred to simply as "rice cooker" or, again, in a more native Indonesian/ Malay form, i.e. penanak nasi (a word formed from the verb menanak, meaning 'to cook rice by boiling' + nasi, meaning 'cooked rice'). Overall, the use of native and non-native words in Indonesian is equally common and reflects the country's efforts towards modernization and globalization.
Many aspects of Indonesian grammar are relatively simple in the initial stages of study, making it one of the easiest languages to learn for adults. Indonesian does not require conjugation of verb tenses or participles, plural forms, articles and gender distinction for the third person pronouns. It is important to note that neither do many other languages traditionally regarded as 'complex', including Chinese (see Chinese grammar) and Thai for example. In spite of this, Indonesian and Malay are generally regarded as easy languages to learn, mostly because they are not tonal languages and they no longer use complex characters within their writing system, but rather utilize the Latin alphabet. Similar cases can also be seen in other Southeast Asian languages such as Vietnamese and Tagalog.
However, Indonesian does possess a complex system of affixations. The absence of tenses in the language is replaced by the use of aspect particles and (as with any language) Indonesian grammar often presents an array of exceptions. Also, the simplicity of Indonesian grammar at a beginners or basic level has the disadvantage of misleading many learners of the language into thinking that more advanced Indonesian grammar is just as simple.
History
Indonesian is a normative form of the Malay language, an Austronesian (or Malayo-Polynesian) language which has been used as a lingua franca in the Indonesian archipelago for centuries. It was elevated to the status of official language with the Indonesian declaration of independence in 1945, drawing inspiration from the Sumpah Pemuda (Youth's Oath) event in 1928.
Because of its origins, Indonesian (in its most standard form) is mutually intelligible with the official Malaysian form of Malay. However, it does differ from Malaysian in some aspects, with differences in pronunciation and vocabulary. These differences are mainly due to the Dutch and Javanese influences on Indonesian. Indonesian was also influenced by the "bazaar Malay" that was the lingua franca of the archipelago in colonial times, and thus indirectly by the other spoken languages of the islands: Malaysian Malay claims to be closer to the literary Malay of earlier centuries.
Whilst Indonesian is spoken as a mother tongue (first language) by only a small proportion of Indonesia's large population (i.e. mainly those who reside within the vicinity of Jakarta), over 200 million people regularly make use of the national language - some with varying degrees of proficiency. In a nation which boasts more than 300 native languages and a vast array of ethnic groups, the use of proper or 'good and correct' Indonesian (as opposed to Indonesian slang or regional dialects) is an essential means of communication across the archipelago. Use of the national language is abundant in the media, government bodies, schools, universities, workplaces, amongst members of the Indonesian upper-class or nobility and also in many other formal situations.
Most native speakers of Indonesian would agree that the standard, correct version of the Indonesian language is rarely used in daily communication. One can find standard and correct Indonesian in books and newspapers, or listen to it when watching the news or television/radio broadcasts, but few native Indonesian speakers use formally correct language in their daily conversations. While this is a phenomenon common to most languages in the world (for example, spoken English does not always correspond to written standards), the degree of "correctness" of spoken Indonesian (in terms of grammar and vocabulary) by comparison to its written form is noticeably low. This is mostly due to the fact that most Indonesians tend to combine certain aspects of their own local languages (eg. Javanese, Sundanese, Balinese, and even Chinese dialects, particularly Hokkien) with Indonesian. The result is the creation of various types of 'regional' Indonesian, the very types that a foreigner is most likely to hear upon arriving in any Indonesian city or town. This phenomenon is exacerbated by the use of Indonesian slang, particularly in the cities. A classic example of a speaker of accented Indonesian is former president Soeharto, whose Javanese accent came through whenever he delivered a speech.
The Dutch colonisation left an imprint on the Indonesian language that can be seen in words such as polisi (police), kualitas/kwaliteit (quality), wortel (carrot), kamar (room, chamber), rokok (cigarette), korupsi (corruption), persneling (gear), kantor (office), and resleting (zipper). Alongside Malay, Portuguese was the lingua franca for trade throughout the archipelago from the sixteenth century through to the early nineteenth century. Indonesian words derived from Portuguese include sabun (soap), meja (table), boneka (doll), jendela (window), gereja (church), bola (ball), dua (two, feminine portuguese), bendera (flag), roda (wheel), sepatu (from sapato = shoes), kereta (from careto = wagon), bangku (from banco = chair), keju (from queijo = cheese), garpu (from garfo = fork), trigu (from trigo = flour), mentega (from manteiga = butter), Sabtu (from Sabado = Saturday) and Minggu (from domingo = Sunday). Some of the many words of Chinese origin (presented here with accompanying Hokkien/ Mandarin pronunciation derivatives as well as traditional and simplified characters) include pisau ( bshu - knife), loteng, (/ = lu/cng - [upper] floor/ level), mie ( > mi'n - noodles), lumpia ( (Hokkien = ln-pi) - springroll), cawan, ( chwn - teacup), teko ( > = chh [Mandarin], teh-ko [Hokkien] = teapot) and even the widely used slang terms gua and lu (from the Hokkien 'goa' and 'lu/li' - meaning 'I/ me' and 'you'). From Sanskrit came words such as kaca (glass, mirror), raja (king), manusia (mankind) b(h)umi/ dunia (earth/ world) and agama (religion). Words of Arabic origin include k(h)abar (news), selamat/ salam (a greeting), senin (Monday), selasa (Tuesday), jumaat (Friday), ijazah (diploma), hadiah (gift/present), mungkin (from mumkin = perhaps), maklum (understood), kitab (book), tertib (orderly) and kamus (dictionary). There are also words derived from Javanese, e.g. aku (meaning I/ me (informal) and its derivative form, mengaku (to admit or confess).
Classification
The Indonesian language is part of the Western Malayo-Polynesian subgroup of the Malayo-Polynesian branch of the Austronesian languages. According to the Ethnologue, Indonesian is modelled after Riau Malay, a form of Old Malay originally spoken in Northeast Sumatra.
Geographic distribution
This is a map of where Indonesian is predominantly spoken. Dark green represents where Indonesian is spoken as a major language. Light green represents where it is a minority language.
The language is spoken throughout Indonesia (and East Timor), although it is used most extensively as a first language in urban areas and usually as a second or third language in more rural parts of Indonesia. It is also spoken by an additional 1.5+ million people worldwide, particularly in the Netherlands, the Philippines and Malaysia. Also spoken as daily language in some parts of Australia (mostly in Christmas Island and Cocos (Keeling) Islands), Brunei, Singapore, some parts of Thailand ( Southern Thailand ), East Timor, Saudi Arabia, Suriname, New Caledonia, and the United States.
Official status
Indonesian is the official language of Indonesia.
Sounds
Phonology
The following are phonemes of modern Indonesian.
Vowels
Front
Central
Back
Close
i
u
Close-mid
e
o
Open-mid
()
()
Open
a
Indonesian also has the diphthongs /ai/, /au/, and /oi/. In closed syllables, such as air (water), however, the two vowels are not pronounced as a diphthong.
Consonants
Labial
Apical
Postalveolar
Palatal
Velar
Glottal
Nasal
m
n
Plosive
p b
t d
k g
Affricate
Fricative
(f)
s (z)
()
(x)
h
Liquid
l r
Approximant
w
j
Note: The vowels between parentheses are allophones while the consonants in parentheses are loan phonemes and as such only occur in loanwords.
Learning pronunciation
Here are a few useful tips for the English speaking learner:
/k/, /p/, and /t/ are unaspirated, i.e. they are not followed by a noticeable puff of air as they often are in English words.
/t/ and /d/ are dental, rather than alveolar as in English.
When /k/ is at the end of a syllable it becomes a glottal stop, which sounds like it is cut off sharply e.g. baik, bapak. This is similar to a number of English dialects where final /t/ is glottalized ("got", "what"). Only a few Indonesian words have this sound in the middle, e.g. bakso (meatballs), and it may be represented by an apostrophe in Arabic derived words such as Al Qur'an.
The letter 'c' in a word is never pronounced as a 'k' or 's' e.g. kucing (meaning cat) is pronounced [kuti].
Stress is placed on the penultimate (second-to-last) syllable of each base word. But if this syllable contains a schwa then the accent moves to the last syllable.
For more, and to listen to examples, see SEASite Guide to Pronunciation of Indonesian
Grammar
Word order
Adjectives, demonstrative pronouns and possessive pronouns follow the noun they modify.
The basic word order of Indonesian is Subject Verb Object (SVO). However many Indonesians will speak in a passive/objective voice, making use of the Object Verb Subject word order. This OVS word order in Indonesian will often permit the omission of the subject and/or object (i.e. ellipses of noun/pronoun) and can benefit the speaker/writer in two ways:
1) Adding a sense of politeness and respect to a statement or question
For example, a polite shop assistant in a store may avoid the use of pronouns altogether and ask:
Ellipses of pronoun (Subject & Object)
Literal English
Idiomatic English
Bisa dibantu?
Can + to be helped?
Can (I) help (you)?
2) Convenience when the subject is unknown, not important or implied by context
For example, a friend may enquire as to when you bought your property, to which you may respond:
Ellipses of pronoun (Implied Subject)
Literal English
Idiomatic English
Rumah ini dibeli lima tahun yang lalu
House this + to be purchased five year(s) ago
The house was purchased five years ago
Ultimately, the choice between active and passive voice (and therefore word order) is a choice between actor and patient and depends quite heavily on the language style and context.
Word Formation
Indonesian is an agglutinative language and new words are generally formed via three methods. New words can be created through affixation (the attaching of affixes onto root words), formation of a compound word (a composition of two or more separate words), or reduplication (repetition of words or portions of words).
Adjectives
Unlike in English, adjectives in the Indonesian language follow nouns:
Indonesian
Literal English word order
Normal English translation
Mobil merah
Car red
Red car
Dia orang yang terkenal sekali
He/she person which well-known very
He/she is a very famous/well-known person
(Sebuah) cerita panjang
(A) story long
A long story
Affixation
The Indonesian language utilises a complex system of affixes (i.e. prefix, infix, suffix and confix (circumfix)). Affixes are applied with certain rules which depend on the initial letter of a base word (BW = base word, eg. a habitual verb, adjective, etc in its simplest form), and/or the sound combination of the second syllable. For example:
The affix Ber + ajar (teach) = BeLajar (Note the deletion of 'R' and the addition of 'L')
= to study
The affixes Me + ajar + -kan = meNGajarkan (Note the addition of 'NG')
= to teach (transitive)
By comparison
The affix Ber + judi (gamble) = Berjudi (Note that Ber- remains unchanged)
= to gamble
The affixes Me + judi + -kan = meNjudikan (Note the addition of 'N')
= to gamble away (money, one's life, etc)
Also, depending on the affix used, a word can have different grammatical meanings (e.g. me + makan (memakan) means to eat something (in the sense of digesting it), while di + makan (dimakan) means to be eaten (passive voice), ter + makan (termakan) means to be accidentally eaten. Often two different affixes are used to change the meaning of a word. For example, duduk means to sit down, whereas men + duduk + kan (mendudukkan) means to sit someone/ something down. Men + duduk + i (menduduki) means to sit on something, di + duduk + kan (didudukkan) means to be sat down, diduduki (diduduki) means to be sat on, etc).
As with any language, Indonesian grammar can often present an array of inconsistencies and exceptions. Some base words when combined with two affixes (eg. me + BW + kan) can produce an adjective rather than a verb, or even both. For example, bosan when combined with the affixes me- and -kan produces the word membosankan, meaning boring (adjective) or to bore (someone) (active verb). However, not all base words can be combined with affixes, nor are they always consistent in their subsequent usage and meaning. A prime example is the word tinggal which, when combined with affixes, can change quite dramatically in both meaning and grammatical use:
Tinggal (base word (BW) form) = to reside, live (in a place)
Meninggal (MeN+BW) = to die, pass away (short form of 'Meningal dunia' below)
Meninggal dunia (MeN+BW + world) = to pass away, to die (lit. pass on from the world)
Meninggalkan (MeN+BW+kan) = to leave (a place); to leave behind/abandon (someone/ something)
Ketinggalan (Ke+BW+an) = to miss (a bus, train, etc); to be left behind
Tertinggal (Ter+BW) = to be (accidentally) left behind
Ditinggalkan (Di+BW+kan) = to be left behind; to be abandoned
Selamat tinggal (word + BW) = goodbye (said to the person staying)
Noun affixes are affixes that form nouns upon addition to base words. The following are examples of noun affixes:
Type of noun affixes
Affix
Example of root word
Example of derived word
Prefix
pe(N)-
duduk (sit)
penduduk (resident)
ke-
hendak (want)
kehendak (desire)
juru-
acara (event)
juru-acara (event host)
Infix
-el-
tunjuk (point)
telunjuk (index finger, command)
-em-
kelut (dishevelled)
kemelut (chaos, crisis)
-er-
gigi (teeth)
gerigi (toothed blade, serration)
Suffix
-an
bangun (wake up, raise)
bangunan (building)
Confix
ke-...-an
raja (king)
kerajaan (kingdom)
pe-...-an
kerja (work)
pekerjaan (occupation)
(N) and (R) indicate that if a word begins with certain letters (most often vowels or consonants k, p, s, t), the letter will either be omitted or other letters will replace it, most commonly with the letters in the bracket or m, ng, ny and l.
Similarly, verb affixes are attached to root words to form verbs. In Indonesian, there are:
Type of verb affixes
Affix
Example of root word
Example of derived word
Prefix
be(L)-
ajar (teach)
belajar (to study) - Intransitive
me(N)-
tolong (help)
menolong (to help) - Active transitive
me(NG)-
gambar (picture)
menggambar (to draw) - Active transitive
di-
ambil (take)
diambil (is being taken) - Passive transitive
memper-
dalam (depth)
memperdalam (to deepen)
dipe(R)-
dalam (deep)
diperdalam (is being further deepen)
te(R)-
makan (eat)
termakan (to have accidentally eaten)
Suffix
-kan
letak (place, keep)
letakkan (keep) - Imperative transitive
-i
jauh (far)
jauhi (avoid) - Imperative transitive
Confix
be(R)-...-an
pasang (pair)
berpasangan (to be paired)
be(R)-...-kan
dasar (base)
berdasarkan (based upon)
me(M)-...-kan
pasti (certain)
memastikan (to ensure)
me(N)-...-i
teman (companion)
menemani (to accompany)
mempe(R)-...-kan
guna (use)
mempergunakan (to misuse, to utilise)
mempe(L)-...-i
ajar (teach)
mempelajari (to study)
ke-...-an
hilang (disappear)
kehilangan (to lose)
di-...-i
sakit (pain)
disakiti (is being hurt)
di-...-kan
benar (right)
dibenarkan (is allowed to)
dipe(R)-...-kan
kenal (know, recognise)
diperkenalkan (is being introduced)
Adjective affixes are attached to base words to form adjectives:
Type of adjective affixes
Affix
Example of root word
Example of derived word
Prefix
te(R)-
kenal (know)
terkenal (famous)
se-
rupa (appearance)
serupa (similar (to))
Infix
-em-
cerlang (radiant bright)
cemerlang (bright, excellent)
-er-
sabut (husk)
serabut (dishevelled)
Confix
ke-...-an
barat (west)
kebaratan (westernized)
In addition to these affixes, Indonesia language also has a lot of borrowed affixes from other languages such as Sanskrit, Arabic and English. For example maha-, pasca-, eka-, bi-, anti-, pro-, pra-, etc.
Compound words
In Indonesian, new words can be formed by conjoining two or more base words. Compound words, when they exist freely in a sentence, are often written separately. Compound words are only attached to each other when they are bound by a confix or when they are already considered as stable words.
For example, the word rumah which means house and makan which means eat, are compounded to form a new word rumah makan (restaurant). Similarly, ambil alih (take over) is formed using the root words ambil (take) and alih (shift), but will link together when a circumfix is attached to it, i.e. pengambilalihan (takeover). Certain stable words, such as kakitangan (personnel), and kerjasama (co-oporation; corporation), are spelled as one word even though the words they consist of can also exist freely in sentences.
Initial Consonant Morphing
Indonesian makes use of initial consonant morphing when using the prefixes me- and pe-. This means that according to the initial sound of the base word, the sounds used in the prefix will differ; this is based on the place of articulation.
The sound following the me- or pe- suffix is usually a nasal(m, n, ny, ng) or liquid(l, r) sound. Which sound is used depends on the point of articulation. E.g. the initial sound of beli, /b/, is a bi-labial sound (pronounced using both the lips), so the nasal bi-labial sound, /m/ is placed before the base word, creating membeli.
The initial consonant is dropped if it is unvoiced(/p/, /t/, /s/, /k/), e.g. menulis/tulis, memilih/pilih.
Grammatical gender
Generally Indonesian does not make use of grammatical gender, and there are only select words that use natural gender. For instance, the same word is used for he and she (dia/ia) or for his and her (dia/ia/-nya). No real distinction is made between "girlfriend" and "boyfriend" (except in the more colloquial terms cewek (girl, girlfriend) and cowok (guy, boyfriend). A majority of Indonesian words that refer to people generally have a form that does not distinguish between the sexes. However, unlike English, distinction is made between older or younger (a characteristic quite common to many Asian languages). For example, adik refers to a younger sibling of either gender and kakak refers to an older sibling, again, either male or female. In order to specify the natural gender of a noun, an adjective must be added. Thus, adik laki-laki corresponds to "younger brother" but really means "younger male sibling".
There are some words that are gendered, for instance putri means "daughter", and putra means "son" and also pramugara means "air steward" (male flight attendant) and pramugari meaning "air stewardess" (female flight attendant). Another example would be olahragawan, which equates to "sportsman", and olahragawati, meaning sportswoman. Often, words like these (or certain suffixes such as "-a" and "-i" or "-wan" and "wati") are absorbed from other languages (in these cases, from Sanskrit through the Old Javanese language). In some regions of Indonesia such as Sumatera and Jakarta, abang (a gender-specific term meaning "older brother") is commonly used as a form of address for older siblings/ males, whilst kakak (a non-gender specific term (meaning "older sibling") is often used to mean "older sister". Similarly, more direct influences from dialects such as Javanese and Chinese languages have also seen further use of other gendered words in Indonesian. For example: Mas (Jav. = older brother), M'bak (Jav. = older sister), Koko (older brother) and Cici (older sister).
Measure words
Another distinguishing feature of Indonesian language is its use of measure words. In this way, it is similar to many other languages of Asia, including Thai, Lao, Chinese, Vietnamese, Burmese, and Bengali.
Examples of these measure words are: ekor (used for animals), buah (generally used for non-living things), orang (used for people), lembar (used for paper), helai (used for long, thin and generally flat things), biji (used for tiny, round things), batang (used for long, stick-like objects), etc. However, these measure words may not always be used in informal conversation.
Indonesian
Literal English translation
Normal English translation
Tiga ekor sapi
Three tails (of) cow
Three cows
Sepuluh orang tentara
Ten people soldiers
Ten soldiers
Lima lembar/ helai/ carik kertas
Five sheets/pieces of paper
Five sheets/pieces of paper
Sebelas buah apel
Eleven fruits (of) apple
Eleven apples
Importantly, when a measure word is being used in conjunction with only one object, the numeral prefix se- is used in front of the measure word, not satu. Therefore a banana would be translated as (se + MW + object) = sebuah pisang.
Negation
There are three major forms of negation used in the Indonesian language, namely tidak, bukan and belum.
Tidak (sometimes shortened to tak) is used for the negation of a verb and adjective.
For example: "saya tidak tahu" = I do not know OR "Ibu saya tidak senang" = My mother is not happy
Bukan is used in the negation of a noun.
For example: "Itu bukan anjing saya" = That is not my dog
Belum is primarily used to negate a sentence or phrase with the sense that something has not yet been accomplished or experienced. In this sense, belum can also be used as a negative response to a question.
For example: "Anda sudah pernah ke Indonesia (belum)? "Belum, saya masih belum pernah pergi ke Indonesia" = Have you ever been to Indonesia before, (or not)? No, I have not yet been to Indonesia OR "Orang itu belum terbiasa tinggal di Indonesia" = That person is not (yet) used to living in Indonesia.
NB: Another kind of negation involves the word jangan, which equates to the English equivalent of "don't" or "do not". Jangan is used for negating imperatives or advising against certain actions. For example, "Jangan tinggalkan saya di sini!" = 'Don't leave me here!'
Pluralisation
Plurals are expressed by means of reduplication, but only when the plural is not implied in the context. Thus "person" is orang, and "people" is orang-orang, but "a thousand people" is seribu orang, as the use of a numeral (i.e. seribu) renders it unnecessary to mark the plural form.
For foreigners learning Indonesian, the concept of grammatical reduplication is not as easy to grasp as it may seem. Besides expressing plurals, reduplication can also be used to create new words that differ in meaning. For instance, hati means "heart" or "liver" (depending on context) whereas hati-hati means "to be careful" and is often used as a verb. As stated above, orang means "person" while orang-orang means "people", but orang-orangan means "scarecrow". Also, not all reduplicated words indicate plural forms of a word with many words naturally expressed in reduplicated form. Examples of these include, biri-biri (sheep), kupu-kupu (butterfly) which can imply both a singular or plural meaning, depending on the context or numeral used.
By contrast, there are also some types of plural words that are expressed by reduplication of a similar sounding (but essentially different) word. In these cases the general sound of a word/phrase is repeated, but the initial letter of the repeated word is changed. A common example of this is sayur-mayur (not sayur-sayur) meaning "vegetables" (plural). Another type of reduplication can be formed through the use of certain affixes (e.g. pe- + -an). For instance, pepohonan ([various kinds of] trees, from the word pohon [tree]), perumahan (houses/ housing, from the word rumah [house]) or pegunungan (mountains, mountain range, from the word gunung [mountain]), and so on.
Another useful word to remember when pluralizing in Indonesian is beberapa, which means "some." For example one may use beberapa pegunungan to describe a series of mountain ranges, and beberapa kupu-kupu to describe (plural) butterflies.
Pronouns
There are two forms of "we", kami or kita, depending on whether the speaker includes the person being talked to. Kami (exclusive) is used when the person or people being spoken to are not included, while kita (inclusive) includes the opposite party. Their usage is increasingly confused in colloquial Indonesian. There are two major forms of "I", which are saya and aku. Despite having the same meaning, saya is definitely the more formal form, whereas Aku is used often used with family, friends and between lovers. There are three common forms of "you", which are kamu, Anda and kalian. Anda is the more polite form of "you" and is used in conversations with someone you barely know, advertising, business situations or with someone whom you wish to respect. Kalian is the common plural form of "you" and is often said to be slightly informal.
NB: Because of the overall structure of Indonesian society and influences from regional dialects, many more different pronouns exist in Indonesian. Some of these 'additional pronouns' may show utmost politeness and respect (eg. saudara/saudari = you (male/female) or Anda sekalian = you (polite, plural form)), may be used only in the most informal of situations (eg. gua/ lu = me/ you - see Indonesian slang), or may even possess somewhat romantic or poetic nuances(eg. daku/dikau = me/you).
Common Indonesian Pronouns
Type
Indonesian
English
First Person
Saya (standard, polite), Aku (informal, familiar), Gua (informal, slang)
I, me
Kami (excl.), Kita (incl.)
We, us
Second Person
Anda (polite, formal), Saudara/Saudari (polite, formal)
You
Kamu (familiar, informal), (Eng)kau (familiar, informal), Lu (informal, slang)
You
Kalian (plural, informal), Anda sekalian (plural, formal), Saudara(i)-saudara(i) (polite)
You
Third Person
Ia, Dia
He, she, it
Beliau (high respect)
He, She
Mereka
They
Possessive pronouns
Type of possessive pronouns
Possessive pronouns
Example of root word
Example of derived word(s)
First person
Saya, Aku (I)
-ku
meja (table)
mejaku (my table)
Kami (we, referring to 1st and 3rd person), kita (we, referring to 1st and 2nd person)
... (milik) kami/kita
kursi (chair)
kursi (milik) kami, kursi (milik) kita (our chair)
Second person
Kamu (you)
-mu
meja (table)
mejamu (your table)
Anda, Saudara (you(polite))
... (milik) Anda/Saudara
kursi (chair)
kursi (milik) Anda/Saudara (your chair)
Kalian (you(plural))
... (milik) kalian
kursi (chair)
kursi (milik) kalian (your chair)
Third person
Dia, Ia (he, she, it)
-nya
meja (table)
mejanya (his, her, its table)
Beliau (he, she, it (polite))
... (milik) Beliau
meja (table)
meja (milik) Beliau (his, her, its table)
Mereka (they)
... (milik) mereka
kursi (chair)
kursi (milik) mereka (their chair)
Demonstrative pronouns
There are two kinds of demonstrative pronouns in the Indonesian language. Ini (this, these) is used for a noun which is generally near to the speaker. Itu (that, those) is used for a noun which is generally far from the speaker. There is no difference between singular form and the plural form. However, plural can be indicated through duplication of a noun followed by a demonstrative pronoun. Also, the word yang is often placed before demonstrative pronouns to give emphasis and a sense of certainty, particularly when making references or enquiries about something/ someone.
Various Uses
Demonst. Pronoun
Simple Use
English Meaning
Ini
Buku ini
This book
Itu
Kucing itu
That cat
Demonst. Pronoun
Plural Form (via Noun duplication)
English Meaning
Ini
Buku-buku ini
These books
Itu
Kucing-kucing itu
Those cats
Demonst. Pronoun + yang
Example Sentence
English Meaning
Yang ini
Q: Anda mau membeli buku yang mana?
A: Saya mau beli yang ini
Q: Which book do you wish to purchase?
A: I would like this one (this book)
Yang itu
Q: Kucing mana yang makan tikusmu?
A: Yang itu!
Q: Which cat ate your mouse?
A: That one (that cat)!
Verbs
Verbs are not inflected for person or number, and they are not marked for tense; tense is instead denoted by time adverbs (such as "yesterday") or by other tense indicators (sometimes referred to as aspect particles), such as belum (not yet) or sudah (already). On the other hand, there is a complex system of verb affixes to render nuances of meaning and denote active-passive voices. Such affixes include prefixes, infixes, suffixes, and their combinations; all of which are often ignored in informal conversations.
Emphasis
Although the basic word order of Indonesian is Subject Verb Object (SVO), as mentioned above, it is possible to make frequent use of passive voice or to scramble word order, thus adding emphasis on a certain sentence particle. The particle being emphasised is usually placed at the beginning of the sentence. In spoken Indonesian, the aspect of the sentence being emphasised is usually followed by a short pause before continuing on with the remainder of the sentence.
Some examples include:
Saya pergi ke pasar kemarin "I went to the market yesterday" neutral, or with emphasis on the subject.
Kemarin saya pergi ke pasar "Yesterday I went to the market" emphasis on yesterday.
Ke pasar saya pergi, kemarin "To the market I went yesterday" emphasis on where I went yesterday.
Pergi ke pasar, saya, kemarin "To the market went I yesterday" emphasis on the process of going to the market.
NB: Some of the above examples (namely the latter two) are more likely to be encountered in spoken Indonesian rather than written forms of the language.
Vocabulary
Indonesian as a modern dialect of Malay has borrowed heavily from many languages, including: Sanskrit, Arabic, Persian, Portuguese, Dutch, Chinese and many other languages, including other Austronesian languages. It is estimated that there are some 750 Sanskrit loanwords in modern Indonesian, 1,000 Arabic loans, some of Persian and Hebrew origin, some 125 words of Portuguese (also Spanish and Italian) origin and a staggering number of some 10,000 loanwords from Dutch. The latter also comprises many words from other European languages, which came via Dutch, the so-called "International Vocabulary". The vast majority of Indonesian words, however, come from the root lexical stock of its Austronesian (incl. Old Malay) heritage.
Although Hinduism and Buddhism are no longer the major religions of Indonesia, Sanskrit which was the language vehicle for these religions, is still held in high esteem and is comparable with the status of Latin in English and other Western European languages. Residents of Bali and Java tend to be particularly proud of the Hindu-Buddhist heritage. Sanskrit is also the main source for neologisms. These are usually formed from Sanskrit roots. The loanwords from Sanskrit cover many aspects of religion, art and everyday life. The Sanskrit influence came from contacts with India long ago before the time of Christ. The words are either directly borrowed from India or with the intermediary of the Old Javanese language. In the classical language of Java, Old Javanese, the number of Sanskrit loanwords is far greater. The Old Javanese English dictionary by prof. P.J. Zoetmulder, S.J. (1982) contains no fewer than 25,500 entries. Almost half are Sanskrit loanwords. Sanskrit loanwords, unlike those from other languages, have entered the basic vocabulary of Indonesian to such an extent that, for many, they are no longer perceived to be foreign.
The loanwords from Arabic are mainly concerned with religion, in particular with Islam, as can be expected. Allah is the word for God even in Christian Bible translations. Many early Bible translators, when they came across some unusual Hebrew words or proper names, used the Arabic cognates. In the newer translations this practice is discontinued. They now turn to Greek names or use the original Hebrew Word. For example, the name Jesus was initially translated as 'Isa, but is now spelt as Yesus. Psalms used to be translated as Zabur, the Arabic name, but now it is called Mazmur which corresponds more with Hebrew.
Loanwords from Portuguese are common words, which were mainly connected with articles the early European traders and explorers brought to Southeast Asia. The Portuguese were among the first westerners to sail east to the "Spice Islands".
The Chinese loanwords are usually concerned with cuisine, trade or often just exclusively things Chinese. There is a considerable Chinese presence in the whole of Southeast Asia. According to the 2000 census, the relative number of people of Chinese descent in Indonesia is almost 1%, although this may likely be an underestimate.
The former colonial power, the Netherlands, left an impressive vocabulary. These Dutch loanwords, and also from other non Italo-Iberian, European languages loanwords which came via Dutch, cover all aspects of life. Some Dutch loanwords, having clusters of several consonants, pose difficulties to speakers of Indonesian. This problem is usually solved by insertion of the schwa. For example Dutch schroef ['sxruf] sekrup [s'krup].
As modern Indonesian draws many of its words from foreign sources, there are many synonyms. For example, Indonesian has three words for "book", i.e. pustaka (from Sanskrit), kitab (from Arabic) and buku (from Dutch). These words have, unsurprisingly, slightly different meanings. A pustaka is often connected with ancient wisdom or sometimes with esoteric knowledge. A derived form, perpustakaan means a library. A kitab is usually a religious scripture or a book containing moral guidances. The Indonesian words for the Bible are Alkitab and Injil, both directly derived from Arabic. The book containing the penal code is also called the kitab. Buku is the most common word for books.
In addition to those above (and the borrowed words listed under the sub-heading History towards the top of this article), there are also direct borrowings from various other languages of the world, such as "karaoke" from Japanese, and "modem" from English.
See also: List of borrowed words in Indonesian
Spoken & informal Indonesian
Further information: Indonesian slang language
In very informal spoken Indonesian, various words are replaced with those of a less formal nature (e.g. tidak (no) is often replaced with the Javanese nggak whilst seperti (like, similar to) is often replaced with kayak (pronounced kai-yah)). As for pronunciation, the diphthongs ai and au on the end of base words are typically pronounced as /e/ and /o/. In informal writing the spelling of words is modified to reflect the actual pronunciation in a way that can be produced with less effort. E.g.: capai becomes cape or capek, pakai become pake, kalau becomes kalo.
In verbs, the prefix me- is often dropped, although an initial nasal consonant is usually retained. E.g.: mengangkat becomes ngangkat (the basic word is angkat). The suffixes -kan and -i are often replaced by -in. E.g.: mencarikan becomes nyariin, menuruti becomes nurutin. The latter grammatical aspect is one often closely related to Indonesian found in Jakarta and surrounding areas.
Writing system
Indonesian is written using the Latin alphabet. It is more phonetically consistent than many languageshe correspondence between sounds and their written forms is generally regular.
Consonants are represented in a way similar to Italian, although is always /t/ (like English ch), is always // ("hard") and represents /d/ as it does in English. In addition, y represents the palatal nasal //, g is used for the velar nasal // (which can occur word-initially), y for // (English h) and h for the voiceless velar fricative /x/. Both /e/ and // are represented with an .
One common source of confusion for foreign readers, particularly when reading place names, is the spelling changes in the language that have occurred since Indonesian independence. Commonly-used changes include:
Old
spelling
New
spelling
oe
u
tj
c
dj
j
j
y
nj
ny
sj
sy
ch
kh
The first of these changes (e to ) occurred around the time of independence in 1947; all of the others were a part of an officially-mandated spelling reform in 1972. Some of the old spellings (which were derived from Dutch orthography) do survive in proper names; for example, the name of a former president of the Indonesia is still sometimes written Soeharto, and the central Java city of Yogyakarta is sometimes written Jogjakarta.
Idioms and Proverbs
Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: Indonesian proverbs
Ada gula, Ada semut.
Lit. "Where there's sugar, there are ants". Equivalent to the modern English idiom "Where there's a will there's a relative". Where there is a good thing (sugar) there will be people taking advantage of it (ants). Indonesian idioms can be quite cynical.
See also
Indonesia portal
Languages of Indonesia
Language families and languages
Demographics of Indonesia
Indonesian slang language
Indonesian abbreviated words
Differences between Malay and Indonesian
List of English words of Indonesian origin
References
^ a b James Neil Sneddon. The Indonesian Language: Its History and Role in Modern Society. UNSW Press, 2004. Page 14."
^ a b James Neil Sneddon. The Indonesian Language: Its History and Role in Modern Society. UNSW Press, 2004. Page 16."
^ Barry Farber. How to Learn Any Language. New York: Citadel Press, 1991. Page 167-168, in "Farber's Language Reviews."
^ "Bahasa Indonesia: The Indonesian Language," George Quinn, Australian National University
^ Ricklefs, M.C. (1991). A History of Modern Indonesia Since c.1300, 2nd Edition. London: MacMillan. pp. 26. ISBN 0-333-57689-6.
^ "Ethologue report for language code:ind". http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=ind. Retrieved 2007-04-17.
^ This is a research led by Prof. Dr. J.W. de Vries of the University of Leiden in the Netherlands
External links
Indonesian language edition of Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Wikibooks has a book on the topic of
Indonesian
Phrasebook for the Indonesian language from Wikitravel
Indonesia History
Learning Indonesian
kamus lengkap berbagai bahasa
Learning Indonesian on the Internet
Indonesia WWW Virtual Library
Bahasa Indonesia Dictionary
Learning Indonesian in 7 Days (SEAsite)
Ethnologue report for Indonesian
Indonesian-English Dictionary from kamus.net
Indonesian bilingual dictionaries
Toggletext Translation between English and Indonesian, using the Kataku system
Multilanguage Online Dictionary
Kenalkan- Let me introduce. Nama Saya- My name is. Ini- This is . Siapa nama Anda? What is your name? Siapa Itu? Who is that? Pak- Mr or Sir. Bu- Mrs or Madam.
Categories: Malayic languages | Languages of Indonesia | Indonesian language
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