The Internet is the best and probably the most comprehensive source of information in the world; so, if you’re looking for free dog training tips to improve the relationship with your four-legged friend, run a simple search and see what you can find out. If you’re wondering about the reliability of the free dog training tips online, there is one way to get convinced, try them and see if there is noticeable progress in your dog’s behavioral patterns. If the Internet doesn’t suit your purposes, a friend who is also a dog owner may fill you in on some free dog training tips.
It is known fact that the greatest disadvantage about applying free dog training tips is that owners often don’t have enough time to devote to their pet. However, you can practice for instance the “sit” command together with other free dog training tips at any moment; you don’t need special preparation for that. You may even turn your attention to the dog during a commercial break for instance, or when playing “fetch”. Before throwing the ball, you can apply a simple free dog training tip or command: “sit” or “down” and continue with the game after the dog obeys it.
Many free dog training tips will help you teach your dog target focus: the simplest form of the kind is paw or touch. You actually get the animal focus on a specific area and then perform a certain action afterwards. Such free dog training tips are used in competitions as well as in daily life, when you want for instance to turn the pet’s attention from you. Moving and finding a specific place are forms of targeting and they are considered to be the first step towards retrieving. Free dog training tips applied for the matter will make you improve the relationship with the pet, it will move away from the couch for instance.
For professional free dog training tips it is a good idea to have a look at Dog Training Expert. People who actually apply free dog training tips find it very entertaining for both parts involved; keep in mind that the first to benefit is your pet. By sticking to some free dog training tips not only will you save money, but you’ll also avoid specific mistakes that dog owners make, thus ruining their chances of ever growing an obedient animal.
About the Author
Learn how you can put an end to the stress and annoyance of your dog training problems and ave the happiest, healthiest and most well behaved dog in the neighbourhood at Dog Training Expert. Don't miss your free Dog Training Tips.
Puppy Training Manual: Free Download
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Low Cost Dog Training – How To Get Professional Dog Training Lessons At Rock Bottom Prices!
I have very good news for owners who are looking for low cost dog training lessons. I’ve discovered a solid way to train my mischievous dogs using ‘professional methods’ at minimum price.
I’m sure you dog owners are well aware of the exorbitant fees you have to fork out for just a few hours of dog training lessons conducted by expert trainers.
Okay, maybe some of you have no idea what is the current rate for one hour worth of lesson. Want to know how much the current rate is per one hour lesson? Around $70 to $100 per hour!
If you opt for 10 hour worth of lessons, that’ll set you back around $700 to $1000 dollars! That’s not low cost dog training in my book.
In addition to the exorbitant price, you may also have to put up with trainers who are incapable of explaining things to you in a clear and concise manner.
I hired a “professional” trainer once, and right off the bat, he brought along all kinds of dog training devices without doing the basics first.
Now don’t get me wrong, of course there are thousands of highly capable dog trainers out there. I’m not going to say otherwise just because a few bad apples are spoiling the bunch.
However, as I’ve said, expert trainers are extremely pricey. So if you want to get low cost dog training lessons done just like the pros, then listen up. All you have to do is to COCDIY!
Now I hear you holler, what the heck does that mean, “COCDIY?” Basically, it stands for ‘comprehensive online courses so you can do it yourself’.
That’s right. In my experience, you can get top-notch, low cost dog training lessons through the help of comprehensive online courses.
Yes, you have to pay a small one-time fee upfront, and of course you have to do it yourself which means you have to set aside a little bit of your time each day for training your dog.
But the good news is this. You get train the dog yourself instead of relying on a total stranger. It's your dog after all so what could be more awesome than that? What’s the big deal?
So what’s so great about online courses anyway? Why not just get a real physical book from the nearest bookstore?
You know, I bought a few dog training books from Borders including the popular dog training for dummies book, and let me tell you something. Those books are super HEAVY in text!
Sure those books belong in the low cost dog training category but you can’t use them effectively due to the lack of step-by-step pictures and audio.
For instance, timing and the positioning of reinforcements are difficult to do during training, thus you need precise instructions along with photos, videos and audio for maximum learning experience.
Physical books don’t supply you all these things so I think you’re better off hiring one of those expensive expert trainers instead!
Now online courses on the other hand, are highly ideal because they are low in cost, produced by professional trainers (the high-quality ones), and bundled along with comprehensive printable e-manuals, videos, support email and exclusive forum component.
Any issues that may arise during training, you can simply refer to the printable manuals, videos or just forward your questions to the trainers via email or forum. So as you can see, online courses beat traditional dog training books in just about every department. And here the BEST part! Taking low cost dog training to the next level!
Online courses typically come with a money back guarantee. So if you think a particular dog training course is not up to your standards, you can simply ask for your money back.
Listen, professional trainers won’t entertain refunds.
As for real books, well you can certainly ask for a refund PROVIDED you return the book in perfect condition otherwise, the bookstore won’t accept it.
What about online training courses?
Well, you can ask for your money back AND you get to keep the materials (videos, printable e-manuals, but your support email/forum will get cancelled obviously) too!
After all, they can’t delete the training materials that you’ve already downloaded into your computer!
However try not to misuse this privilege. Ask for a refund only if you truly believe that the course doesn’t help you and your dog in any way, shape or form.
Okay that’s it in a nutshell. With all the obvious benefits, I believe online courses are the best approach for owners looking for professionally made, low cost dog training lessons.
About the Author
Here are 3 of the best low cost dog training that include high-quality training videos, e-manuals, step-by-step photos and complete support components made by professional dog trainers.
Go now to www.positivehomedogtraining.com and check out the online courses directory to download all the training materials in the next 5 minutes. Please note that downloading/viewing all the videos may take longer depending on your internet connection.
Professional Dog Training Attention dog training
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Dog is a very good pet animal and tell me how to train the dog..
www.dog-obedience-training-review.com/ Visit this website you will get lot of information about the dog training in home you also find the videos and picture to get the practical knowledge to give the good training to the dogs.
Rebecca Jones - Bark Busters Home Dog Training - Good Morning Texas
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If you are a dog lover, you surely are facing the challenge of training your pet. Well there are now a lot of techniques on how to train a dog and you can consider some of the universal dog training principles. Bear in mind that the dog you will train understands his place and position in your home. If you are able to provide the dog with a good training, he will see you as a leader and he will become obedient and fun to be with.
Training your dog means developing an excellent social interaction and excellent communication between you and your pet. For this reason, it is worthwhile to develop a pack leader-pack follower relationship between you and your pet. If in his eyes you are a leader, he will also see the need to be obedient to you. If it sounds convincing to you, then you must begin looking out for tips on how to train a dog.
Among the straightforward ways to teach your dog is to get the services of a professional dog trainer that will work with you and your dog in a one on one setting. It may not come cheap, but it is indeed an easy alternative to teach your beloved dog in different areas like behaving well when you take him out of the house and obeying typical commands. With a dog trainer, your pet will also learn to react in not-so-easy situations especially when it meets a dog who’s difficult to handle in a group environment.
If you think your dog finds it difficult to act properly within a group, or if you observe that he’s becoming aggressive, you can hire a dog behavior specialist or a skilled dog whisperer. By means of this humane approach, your dog’s behavior will surely be corrected. With this approach, you’ll have a better way to communicate with your dog. The moment your dog becomes interested in interacting with you, that’s an indication that you can now start training him. Though simple, these tips will teach you on how to train a dog easily. These tips will surely guide you in achieving your dream of having a skilled, submissive dog.
Henry & Ellie at Daycare at ABC Pet Training - 051011
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Poll: dog trainers how long have you been training dogs n how old are you?
why do you train dogs what it like working with dogs would you recommend your job to someone interested in dogs? how many trainers on here get paid enough to train dogs full time without doing another job?
N this is for qualified dog trainers not people who just train their own dogs
I have been training working dogs for almost 30 years..29 and change to be exact. I am old enough to know better!!!! I train dogs because I love taking an animal that has great potential and turning it into something that will serve humankind. I also love the action of bite work and I love competing.
Working with dogs can be very rewarding, if you have the right dogs to start out with. I could not train civilian dogs for example because I do not have the temperament to deal with marginal dogs on a regular basis. My job can be fun if you are dedicated, competitive and always want to produce something better then the last dog you trained. I do not know any dog trainers here in the USA that are STRICTLY training dogs and making enough to live on. Everyone I know that trains also breeds or sells or imports dogs or does something that is dog related..working a detection dog or a patrol dog somewhere. Hope I helped!
Dog Training - Stop over excitement when you sweep/vacuum/blender
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Home Dog Obedience Training Using the Positive Reinforcement Method
Most dog trainers believe that the best way to train any dog is using a method called positive reinforcement training. For those who are doing home dog obedience training this process simply entails using positive reinforcement for good behavior and ignoring bad behavior.
A dog's natural instinct is to please her owner. Positive reinforcement uses this instinct and allows your dog to learn what it is you want her to do. This type of training has more meaning to your dog because she is able to learn what you want her to do using her own mental capacity.
Here are some quick tips you can use to implement this training method at home:
1. Pick good rewards. You need to keep your dog's interest level up in what you are doing. A pat on the head or saying "good girl" will lose a dogs interest pretty quickly. Use tempting rewards such as food treats and physical affection to reinforce your dog's good behavior. Dog trainers call these primary incentives and dogs are very responsive to these.
2. Timing is important. Good behavior and obedience needs to be rewarded the moment it happens. This way your dog begins to understand what behavior is being rewarded. This is where clicker training can be used. Using a small metal device that emits a click when pushed you click the clicker the moment your dog follows a command successfully. To reinforce the meaning of the clicker a treat should also be offered.
3. Use the same commands consistently. If you want your dog to sit don't use "sit" one time, "sit down" the next, or "down" later on. This is confusing for a dog because they learn through repetition. Pick a command and stick with it for each behavior you desire.
If you are training your dog at home you will need to learn to reward your dog in a meaningful fashion. If you know what your dog likes as far as physical attention and treats you will know what works as far as rewards go. Some dogs prefer edible treats while others enjoy playing with a favorite toy.
If you are using food treats for your home dog training reinforcement you need to be aware that many dog trainers have found that dogs actually respond better if they receive treats in a more sporadic fashion. Apparently it keeps their attention better because they remain interested in what you are teaching them if rewards are given intermittently.
Positive reinforcement training is a great home dog obedience training process to use because it is relatively easy. Ignoring bad behavior is the cornerstone of this method because a dog being ignored is an unhappy dog. This can do more to motivate your dog to do what you ask more then just about anything else.
Puppy In Training TV - Ep1 - Picking Up Your Puppy
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My best friend is incredible! He's one of those rare types who hangs on every word you say. He's content to be quiet when I need stillness, even though he's one of those high-drive types. All I have to do is call and he's there in an instant, no matter what he was doing before. He puts me ahead of all her other friends, never fails to make me feel special, and is a redhead just like me. But he's not a person, even though he's sure he is. He is a butterfly dog; a Papillon.
When I brought this eight-week-old bundle of joy home, I didn't know what to call her. I'm not very good at naming anything, so I usually just observe for a couple of weeks and let the animal name itself by its personality. This puppy's name became evident in nothing flat: Tazzie. He whirled around the house, jumping up on furniture five times her size, zooming and zipping and totally charming me. He was, indeed, a Tasmanian devil pup. I quickly realized the athleticism of this dog and knew I'd have to find her a "job" when he got a little older. High-drive dogs, that don't have "jobs," will certainly find other outlets for their energy and those outlets aren't usually things you would enjoy!
You already have a burning love for your puppy, but what is your relationship like? Does it come when you call it? Does it sit or lay or stay? From your first class, at your dog training school, your relationship with your dog begins to change. I will warn you, however, that anything you want to teach your dog won't come just with a once-a-week class, even if you have the best dog training school in the world. You have to practice with them, just a little bit, every day.
Tazzie was a very food-motivated dog, so the fact that he got food every time he did something right made training a blast for her, all by itself. And this happened every day! Bonus! He made fast friends at her new dog training school, so going to class was fun as well. He got to where he would whine, as soon as we pulled in the parking lot, until I finally got her out of that car.
So now you're taking your dog to classes in a place they love, and you're working with them every day. During that time, you're paying complete attention to them, teaching them to pay complete attention to you, and they get their favorite food as icing on the cake. This does incredible things for the bond between you and your dog. They learn to focus on you, no matter what, and good things will come. They get praised and fed, or praised and allowed to tug on a toy, whichever motivates the dog more, so your relationship can't help but blossom.
Ever since Tazzie and I started training together, he has claimed me as her own. When my other two dogs want to sit on my lap, he'll push them out of the way to get the best spot because, I am her property, as far as he's concerned. I do give the other dogs personal time as well, but I have to put her in a sit/stay or a down/stay so he'll let them come get love.
He is, by far, the one I can trust the most, not only because of her training, but from the bond we gained through the training. He never takes her eyes off of me, since we began at our dog training school, and it serves us well in the agility ring!
If you want to forever alter and solidify the bond you share with your dog, find yourself a good dog training school, for whatever discipline you prefer, and go for it. With a little time, money, and patience, your relationship will become a forever relationship. If you do, your dog will turn out to be your best friend too!
About the Author
Dog training has been a passion of Jawad Rafique for the past two years and he has been competing since last February. He is co-founder of http://www.dogtraining- school.com/, a dog training school resource site for aspiring and professional dog trainers.
Dog Training Jobs
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I live in a medium sized house, pretty big yard. I live alone and so I'm sort of lonely and I want a partner. I am very active, I like to go on long walks and take jogs I want a dog that is medium sized - large I want a dog that isn't ugly, something really attractive I've had a dog before, it was a mutt when I was younger, so I already know something about dog training. I don't mind shedding, grooming, etc. I work at home, so I'm home a lot.
Soooo, give me some ideas so I can do more research on different types of breeds that I might want to get. Thanks!
i have a dog myself and we are pretty similar i have a Labrador retriever who is like you described your "dream dog". another dog would be a golden retriever or a husky.
Partners Dog Training - Molly, English Pointer 8/20/2009
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When it comes to dog training there are two differing sides of opinion when it comes to dogs and their digging habits. Firstly, many dog trainers think that a dog is a dog, and we should permit him to express his true canine nature by allowing him free reign over the yard and flowerbeds. The other dog training experts feel that a flowerbed is a flowerbed, and no dog should even think about expression his dogginess if such an expression comes at the price of a ruined flowerbed.
Most leading dog training experts favor the middle ground for training your dog. Although many dogs do love to dig, and it is healthy for them to be permitted to dig once in a while, there’s a difference between allowing your dog to express their inner puppy, and allowing him to run rampant in the backyard. No dog training professional would agree that a dog should have to come at the price of a garden, and vice versa. When if comes to dog training, flowers and dogs can coexist peacefully if you train your dog correctly. If your dog’s developed a taste for digging, it will just take a bit of time, and some ingenuity, on your part to resolve the dog training problem satisfactorily.
To start with, if you have yet to adopt a dog and your concern for the fate of your garden is purely hypothetical, consider the breed of dog that you would like. If you've got your eye on a specific mixed-breed dog, what aspect of his mixed dog heritage seems to be the most prominent?
Dog breed often plays a significant role in any given dog's personal opinion of digging as a rewarding and valuable dog pastime – many terriers and Nordic breeds in particular (Huskies, Malamutes, some members of the Spitz family for example) seem to particularly enjoy digging.
Every dog training expert will, of course, say that when you get right down to the sum and substance, every dog is first and foremost an individual, and there’s no real way to predict whether or not your chosen four legged friend is going to be a burrower or not. However, if you’re trying to reduce the likelihood of an involuntarily-landscaped garden as much as possible, It is suggested you stay away from all breeds of terrier (and for those that did not know, the name means 'go to earth', after all!) and the Nordic breeds.
Why do dogs dig?
Dog training professionals often agree on the following reasons, and they are in no particular order, as to why a dog will dig:
* General Lack of exercise. Digging is a good way for a hyped-up, under-exercised dog to burn off some of their nervous energy.
* Boredom. Bored dogs will find a 'job' to do, something rewarding and interesting, to help the time pass by.
* Digging is often the ideal solution for a bored dog: it gives him a sense of purpose, and distracts him from an otherwise-empty day.
* The need for broader horizons. Some dogs are just escape artists by nature – no matter how much exercise and attention they get, it’s nearly impossible to confine them to an area. For a Doggy-Houdini, it's not the digging itself that is the reward, it is the wonderful unknown that exists beyond the boundaries they were confined to and dogs love to explore a world of unfamiliar scents.
* Separation anxiety. Often when a dog is seriously pining for your company, digging under those confining walls represents the most direct path to you. Separation anxiety is an unpleasant psychological issue relatively common among dogs – but because it’s so complex, we won’t be dealing with it in this article but keep an eye out because I will be writing about that in detail in another article.
Training the habit out of your dog
Dog training experts agree that most of the reasons contributing to your dog’s desire to dig suggest their own solutions. If your dog’s not getting enough exercise (generally speaking, at least forty-five minutes worth of vigorous walking per day), take him for more walks it will help you and your dog stay fit and healthy. If your dog is bored, give him some interesting and durable toys and chews to play with during your absence, and wear him out before you leave so he spends most of the day napping. As for an escape-artist dog, they might need to be crated, or at least kept inside the house where he’s less likely to be able to break out of his or her confines.
For those dogs who just like to dig as a pastime in itself, though, here are a few basic dog training tips for controlling inappropriate excavation as much as is reasonably possible:
* Restrict your dog’s access to the area concerned. This is the most effective thing you can do: if he’s never in the yard without active supervision, there’s no opportunity for digging his own personal tunneling system.
* Use a natural deterrent. Almost all dogs will shy back, horrified, from the prospect of digging anywhere that there’s dog poop. Even the ones who like to eat poop (a condition known as coprophagia) generally won’t dig anywhere near it as it offends their basic natural, fastidious dislike of soiling their coat and paws.
* Use nature’s own protection. If the continued digging is bothering you because it’s upsetting the more delicate blooms in your garden, plant hardier blossoms: preferably, those with deep roots and thorny defenses. Roses are ideal and a natural deterrent.
* A more time-consuming, but super-effective way of dog training is to roll up the first inch or two of turf in your yard, and lay down chicken-wire underneath it. Your dog won’t know it is there until he’s had a few tries at digging, but once he’s convinced himself that it’s pointless (which won’t take long), he’ll never dig in that yard again. As we say, time consuming but very, very effective.
Accept your dog’s need for an outlet, give him a place to dig
If your dog is set on tunneling your yard into a pot marked, grassless lunar landscape, but you’re equally determined to prevent this from happening at all costs, take a moment to consider before embarking on a grueling and time-consuming preventative strategy.
Setting yourself the goal of eradicating all digging behavior, period, is pretty unrealistic. It is not fair on you (since, really, you’re setting yourself up for failure), and it’s not really fair on your poor dog either. If he’s a natural-born digging machine, it’s just part of his personality, and he needs at least some opportunity to express that in some form.
But a lawn and a dog don’t have to be mutually exclusive. The most humane and understanding thing for you to do in this case is simply to redirect his digging energy where you can live with it and he can love you for it.
The simplest dog training solution in this case is allocating him an area where he’s allowed to dig as much as he pleases. Once this zone’s been established, you can make it understood that there is to be absolutely no digging in the rest of the garden, and you can enforce your rules with a clear conscience. As set these boundaries you know your dog now has his own little corner of the world to turn upside down and inside out as he chooses and all parties are happy.
But what if you don’t have a "spare corner" of the backyard for your little digger to call his own? What if the whole thing, grass, flowerbeds, and gravel path, is just too dear to your heart? This is ok, there is a solution to this as well. You can invest in a sandbox, which you can place anywhere in the garden.
You can even make one yourself (the deeper, the better, obviously). Fill it with a mixture of sand and earth, and put some leaves or grass on top if you like for effect and get your dog interested in it by having a scratch around yourself, until he gets the idea.
Ensuring the boundaries are clear
One great dog training tip is to make it clear to him that the sandbox is OK but that everywhere else is a no-dig zone, spend a little time supervising him. When he starts to dig in the box (you can encourage this by shallowly burying a few choice marrowbones in there), praise him energetically – and if he starts digging anywhere else, correct him straight away with an extended finger or hand command and state a firm "No!" or "ahh-ah-ahhhh".
Then, redirect him immediately to the sandbox, and dole out vociferous praise when digging recommences.
To really clarify the lesson, give him a treat when digging gets underway in the sandbox – the close proximity between the correction (for digging out of the sandbox) and praise/reward (for digging in the sandbox) will ensure that your point strikes home and you will have dog training success.
About the Author
If you like this article, you will find much more useful dog training information on our dog training website Dog Training Success where you will find useful tips, tricks and an amazing guide that will help you train your dog with immediate results. No matter what your dog training problem there is a solution and this fantastic dog training guide will show you how to handle each and every situation in detail. Can you afford not to find our more? Click Here Now!
Dog Training - Professional Dog Training "Secrets" Exposed
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I an interested in volunteering at the Toronto Humane society during summers. I would like to be someone who "plays" with the animals to give them excersise since every animal needs handling. I have had about 15 pets in the past and love animals. I am willing to undergo simple training in handling them although I know how to. I am also able to tell people about each animal in a certain section and kind of advertise them to people ( let them handle the ones they are interested in etc.)
I am wondering: -What is the minimum age to volunteer at the toronto humane society -What can a teenage volunteer do in handling
At the Toronto Humane Society, you must be at least 18 years old to volunteer with the animals.
If you are old enough, they require you to visit the shelter, complete an application, and undergo a quick interview to become a volunteer. Once you complete this process you can get an assignment based on your desires, your experience, and the needs of the shelter.
The shelter is located at 11 River Street, on the southeast corner of Queen and River. Volunteer application forms are in the lobby, and you can complete the application between 12pm to 7pm daily.
Fetching: For Fit Dogs & Bods
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Does anyone know of any send-away dog training programs in the Los Angeles area?
Similar to the Divine Canine show on Animal Planet. People send their out of contorl pets to a monastery where the monks there who happen to be dog trainers train the dog for a month and then give your perfectly behaved dog back.
Balcom Canyon in Somis [Ventura County] does a really good job with training/rehabilitating tough behavior issues.
Pet Store Los Angeles CA Helen's Pet Depot
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Is a Pet Training Class Necessary or Recommended for Puppies?
I have an 8 week old maltese/poodle mix, and was curious if it would be a good idea to take her to a Puppy Training Class at Petsmart when she turns 10 weeks old? I don't know if this would help out any or if it's just a waste or money and time. Any experiences or recommendations? Thanks. Thanks for all the replies... seems like the majority agree puppy training classes are beneficial. I have the Petsmart training class sheet right here, but I did look online APDT.com for trainers in my area. There were only a couple, but I'm sure I'll find something I can afford that is good.
Oh, this is such an important part of your dogs developement. Don't skip puppy class. It is for socializing and bonding and working together as a team. You and your pup are going to learn sooooo much.
Now, i am not a big fan of petsmart classes, but their puppy program is pretty good. You should definitely do it, but don't skip the homework. Take the time to do it and really build your relationship with your pup. You will be so happy.
Congratulations!!!
Annabella at Pet Smart's Dog Training Class: Video 1
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How do I find employment to train dogs for search and rescue purposes?
When I wa a teenager, I used to train dogs to search for rescue, does anyone know how to start up again? Thank you for your time and energy
you might want to start in the british army as a dog handler
USAR Search Dog Training
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Dog Training Products Used to Modify Your Dog's Behavior
Everyone likes to be appreciated for good behavior. Why should our pet dogs be an exception then? Well they surely aren't. Praises and dog training treats are tools that work great for positive dog training. However, there are certain rules that should be kept in mind while using training treats for dogs so that instead of the owner getting the right kind of response from his pet dog, he doesn't get manipulated by the canine in doling out a treat for every time he wants to get a response.
Dog Treat Training - Important Points
Positive reinforcement training through dog treats is something that dog trainers commonly resort to. Yes, the technique is just as simple as it sounds. But there are certain guidelines that need to be followed before your sweet puddle starts ruling your household with an iron paw. Those guidelines are:
Time Your Treat: The treat should be given within a few seconds of achieved reaction. Otherwise your pet may not be able to associate it with his response that is being appreciated.
Keep Your Commands Short: Dogs won't understand long sentences. Don't say "Fudge I know you are a good boy. I want you to sit for me now." All that you would draw from Fudge is a blank stare. Keep your commands short like sit, stay, come and so on.
Be Consistent: Everyone in the family must use the same command otherwise your pet may get confused. Instead of getting positive behavior you would have the pet behaving in a completely opposite way. Not that it is his fault or that he is doing it on purpose. He's just not getting the right cue from you.
Come Off the Treat Gradually: Start off with treating your dog four out of five times. Them come down to three, two and one. Let the the affair finally be an occasional treat. This aspect of dog training is very important to prevent your dog from getting used to treats. This also reduces the chances of the dog getting frustrated once this dog training product is abruptly stopped from being used.
Dog Training Treats
Dog treats are just one of the rewards that a pet owner can give his dog to modify his dog's behavior. But just as for dog treat training there are certain guidelines, there are some points to be considered while selecting puppy treats for your pet. Here is what you need to know about your dog training treats.
Soft Treats: You definitely don't want your pet to sit and keep chewing the treat. If the pet dog treat is hard and chewy then your dog's attention would be more on finishing off his treat rather associating it with his positive behavior that is being rewarded.
Small Treats: Dog training treats should be small so that they can be eaten quickly. Just because you want to reward your pet with something extra for a really good job, doesn't mean that you get a big dog training treat. This would again take his attention off from linking the reward with positive reaction as a hard and chewy treat would. Rather give him a couple of small dog training treats for his good job.
Tasty Treats: Different dogs have liking for different tastes. Identify the taste that your dog is most fond of. Dogs usually like strong tasting dog training treats. There are quite a few brands at the local pet store. However, don't compromise on healthy dog treats while choosing the ones with strong flavor.
Colorful Treats: Wondering what does color have to do with your dog training treat? Well a lot. In fact more so for professional dog training as the floor in these centers are usually dark in color. The dog treats should be bright so that the canines can easily see them when the treats are given to them.
Variety in Treats: Wouldn't you get bored if you were given a burger or a slice of pizza every time for a job well done? Same is with your canine friend. Have a variety of dog training treats at hand so that these keep motivating your pet for every desired behavior.
Natural Pet Treats: In our bid to shop for easy dog treats we often tend to put our dog's health at risk. Giving him leftovers from the dining table may work fine occasionally. But this occasional act may be harmful for little dogs as this may cause dog obesity in them. Hence, if it is possible give your dog natural pet treats. This could be made from natural ingredients at home itself.
Dog training treats have been used by dog trainers for years now. Reward is something that every animal understands and it can be easily used to modify your dog's behavior.
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While conducting your cat training you should always keep in mind that the punishment is not meant to harm your cat so you should take care not to be too aggressive. When he's able to sit down on command, you can phase the clicker out - but still give treats sporadically (interestingly, if you treat every single time that he performs a command, he's actually less likely to reliably obey that command. Consequently, relatively few people are aware of their cat's abilities in this area. Cats are extremely popular pets for a very good reason, because they are smart, loving, and satisfied living indoors. Physical punishment may make him fear you, but it is unlikely to establish the behavior you want. This technique will reinforce the cats training and she will like the attention and the treats she gets. Cats value and look forward to attention and affection that can be gained from training.
Remain consistent with the cats training and soon you will find your cat using the litter box on her own. The reason being is that the effect of immediate punishment would be greater than if the punishment is conducted at a later time. For the trainer, there are varieties of modes to punish a cat which can be in the form of words, actions or it can be physical punishment as well. One cat training technique that doesn't work is brute force. This will allow the cat training to ideally strengthen the bond between pet and owner during training sessions from the outset of ownership. So, blink your eyes frequently when you look at your cat. Pain can make any one aggressive, so it's important to consult a vet and rule out any kind of medical issue.Don't react to your cat in an aggressive or even defensive way. The benefits of training your cat Just because cats typically lead solitary, individual lives doesn't mean that they necessarily want to do so.
An example of successful cat training in action: Training your cat to 'sit' on command 'Sit' is a great basic command for your cat to know, because it serves as the foundation for a number of other, more advanced tricks and commands (for example, 'stay', 'beg', and 'high five'.)Make your training wand extra-effective by smearing the tip in a little tuna oil, and use it to attract your cat's attention (wave it around, trail it past his face, etc.)Once he's come over to you, place the wand just over his head, so that it's slightly behind the crown of his head.He will tilt his head back to keep his eyes on it. In fact, many cats are incredibly affectionate and loving by nature - they just need you to demonstrate your leadership and initiate the rapport-building process. Call to your cat, then when it comes to you give some good praise and affection, using a proper praising tone of voice. Make sure that you and the other members of the family always use your cat's name. Directly after the click, the cat is fed a small and tasty treat. Basically there are different types of cats training like obedience training; litter training and even aggression training and all of them have different approaches.
This makes many people wonder about cats aggression training and how to go about it. Why, because many feline behavior problems, especially in cats kept indoors, are caused by boredom. When he does this, he will naturally sit down (since otherwise, his neck can't bend back far enough to allow him to keep watching the training wand.)As he sits down, say the word 'Sit', which will be the verbal cue for this command (your cat will grow to associate the command with the act of sitting, and eventually will learn to sit down whenever you ask him to.)As soon as his bottom touches the ground, click the clicker. Cat aggression training It has often been seen that cats take more time to adjust to a new home as compared to dogs. Get Cat Training and Care Guide
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Weight pull is a sport for those who want to do something with their dog that doesn't involve tiny leashes, points for color, or special "paper's" and who love to work with their dog to acheive a goal. If that's you, then weight pull may be your thing.
While Pit Bull's are excellent at weight pull it's not for everyone or for every dog. Training a dog in weight pull takes time, dedication, money, and if you're like me and live in an area with very few, if any pulling events you'll have to travel out of town to events. Which again costs money and time.
I don't want to turn you off to the idea of getting involved though. I just thought it fair that you know before hand some of the sacrafices that will be made.
Weight pull is a fun and exciting way to meet other Pitbull owner's as well. Your dog is also meeting new doggy friends and getting some great socialization to boot. Weight pull can also be a rewarding experience as it takes dedication to really excel at the sport.
What exactly is a weight pull?
Pulls are held on three different types of terrain. Snow, dirt and rail.
For dirt, a cart with four wheels, and a rail system is set up on rails with the cart on them.
Rails is where you see monster weights over 6,000 pounds being pulled. Record weights can reach 8,000 lbs.
Whether the dog is on snow, dirt, or rail the distance is usually 16 feet (the ADBA is 15 feet).
Dogs are required to pull the weight the distance in 60 seconds or without fail.
Once 60 seconds is up and the dog hasn't completed the distance the pull is over and the dog is allowed to complete the pull with help.
Different organizations have different rules as well. For example, the IWPA and the UKC do not allow "baiting" while the the ADBA does.
Baiting is using something to lure the dog to you, like their favorite toy or treats. All three orgranizations state you can not touch your dog in any manner while pulling and physical corrections are also penalized.
So is weight pull right for you?
Only one way to find out, contact the International Weight Pull Association and see if you can find a pull in your area.
Go to the pull, experience it, and afteward you'll have a pretty good idea if it's for you and your dog or not. If your dog is registered with the UKC and/or the ADBA you can also contact them.
Most people that I know with Pit Bulls in weight pull prefer the IWPA because they are an exclusive pulling club and have high quality events.
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Short answer: The best starting out video, in my opinion is Clicker Magic, by Karen Pryor.
It can be found on Karen's clicker training website: http://www.clickertraining.com/store/
and at dogwise.com: http://www.dogwise.com/itemdetails.cfm?ID=DTB519
Long answer: There are two camps in animal training.
First is traditional punishment training; using choke collars, prong collars, electric shock collars, and general aversive methods. The idea is that the animal will learn to avoid the punishment of a leash jerk by complying with the command. Unfortunately, for many breeds, this can actually cause a dog to become aggressive, and may teach any dog to be generally mistrustful of both their owner and people in general. I suggest you be wary of those who tell you to yell at your dog or punish him for misbehavior.
In the other camp is positive reinforcement training; the common tool for this type of training is a clicker, treats, toys and general praise and positive stimuli. The idea is that by rewarding the behavior you want, your animal will be far more likely to offer that behavior again and again.
The founder of this technique, Karen Pryor, describes it best:
“Clicker training” is the popular term for the training or teaching method based on what we know about how living organisms learn.
Research has shown that any creature—whether a dog, cat, dolphin, parrot, fish, horse, llama, or person—is more likely to learn and repeat actions that result in consequences it desires and enjoys. So clicker trainers provide consequences desired by their animal in exchange for actions or behaviors desired by their trainers.
We call these consequences “rewards” and the process is called “reinforcement.” Clicker training, therefore, is a positive-reinforcement-based system of training.
Guide Dog Training : Guide Dog Training: Best Breeds
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Anne Frances Robbins was born on July 6, 1921, at Manhattan's Sloane Hospital for Women in New York, the only child of car salesman Kenneth Seymour Robbins (18941972) and his actress wife, Edith Luckett (18881987). Her godmother was silent-film-star Alla Nazimova. She lived for her first two years in Flushing, Queens, in New York. While her parents divorced soon after her birth, they had already been separated for some time. As her mother traveled the country to pursue acting jobs, Nancy was raised in Bethesda, Maryland, for the next six years by her aunt Virginia and uncle Audley Gailbraith. Nancy describes longing for her mother during those years: "My favorite times were when Mother had a job in New York, and Aunt Virgie would take me by train to stay with her."
In 1929, her mother married Loyal Davis (18961982), a prominent, politically conservative neurosurgeon who moved the family to Chicago. Nancy and her stepfather got along very well; she would later write that he was "a man of great integrity who exemplified old-fashioned values". He formally adopted her in 1935, and she would always refer to him as her father. At the time of the adoption, her name was legally changed to Nancy Davis (since birth, she had commonly been called Nancy). She attended the Girls' Latin School of Chicago (describing herself as an average student), graduated in 1939, and later attended Smith College in Massachusetts, where she majored in English and drama and graduated in 1943.
Acting career
Nancy Davis poses for a publicity photo, 1950
Following her graduation, Davis held jobs in Chicago as a sales clerk in Marshall Field's department store and as a nurse's aide. With the help of her mother's colleagues in theatre, including Zasu Pitts, Walter Huston, and Spencer Tracy, she pursued a career as a professional actress. She first gained a part in Pitts' 1945 road tour of Ramshackle Inn, moving to New York City. She landed the role of Si-Tchun, a lady-in-waiting, in the 1946 Broadway musical about the Orient, Lute Song, starring Mary Martin and a pre-stardom Yul Brynner. The show's producer told her, "You look like you could be Chinese."
After passing a screen test, she moved to California and signed a seven-year contract with Metro Goldwyn Mayer Studios (MGM) in 1949; she later remarked, "Joining Metro was like walking into a dream world." Davis appeared in 11 feature films, usually typecast as a "loyal housewife", "responsible young mother", or "the steady woman". She kept her professional name as Nancy Davis even after marrying. Her film career began with minor roles in 1949's The Doctor and the Girl with Glenn Ford, and followed with East Side, West Side starring Barbara Stanwyck. She played a child psychiatrist in the film noir Shadow on the Wall (1950) with Ann Sothern and Zachary Scott; her performance was called "beautiful and convincing" by New York Times critic A. H. Weiler. She co-starred in 1950's The Next Voice You Hear..., playing a pregnant housewife who hears the voice of God from her radio. Influential reviewer Bosley Crowther of The New York Times wrote that "Nancy Davis [is] delightful as [a] gentle, plain, and understanding wife." A later critic admired the film's effort to convincingly portray Davis as pregnantany other films from the time neglected to do so. In 1951, Davis appeared in her favorite screen role, Night Into Morning, a study of bereavement starring Ray Milland. Crowther said that Davis "does nicely as the fiance who is widowed herself and knows the loneliness of grief," while another noted critic, The Washington Post's Richard L. Coe, said Davis "is splendid as the understanding widow." Davis left MGM in 1952, seeking a broader range of parts. She soon starred in the 1953 science fiction film Donovan's Brain; Crowther said that Davis, playing the role of a possessed scientist's "sadly baffled wife", "walked through it all in stark confusion" in an "utterly silly" film. In her last movie, Hellcats of the Navy (1957), she played nurse Lieutenant Helen Blair and shared the screen for the only time with her husband, playing what one critic called "a housewife who came along for the ride". Another reviewer, however, stated that Davis plays her part well, and "does well with what she has to work with".
Noted author Garry Wills believes that Davis was underrated as an actress overall, because her constrained part in Hellcats was her most widely seen performance. In addition, Davis downplayed her Hollywood goals: MGM promotional material in 1949 said that her "greatest ambition" was to have a "successful happy marriage"; decades later, in 1975, she would say, "I was never really a career woman but [became one] only because I hadn't found the man I wanted to marry. I couldn't sit around and do nothing, so I became an actress." Ronald Reagan biographer Lou Cannon nevertheless characterized her as a "reliable" and "solid" performer who held her own in performances with better-known actors. After her final film, she appeared for a brief time in television dramas Wagon Train and The Tall Man until 1962, when she retired as an actress. During her career, she served on the board of directors of the Screen Actors Guild for nearly 10 years. Decades later, Albert Brooks attempted to coax Reagan out of acting retirement by offering her the title role opposite himself in his 1996 film Mother. Reagan declined in order to care for her husband, and Debbie Reynolds played the part.
Marriage and family
Newlyweds Ronald and Nancy Reagan, March 4, 1952
During her career as an actress, Nancy Davis dated actors in Hollywood; she later called Clark Gable, whom she dated briefly, the nicest of the stars she had met. On November 15, 1949, she met Ronald Reagan, who was then president of the Screen Actors Guild. Nancy had noticed that her name had appeared on the Hollywood blacklist and sought Reagan's help to maintain her employment as a guild actress in Hollywood, and for assistance in having her name removed from the list. Reagan informed her that she had been confused with another actress of the same name. The two began dating and their relationship was the subject of many gossip columns; one Hollywood press account described their nightclub-free times together as "the romance of a couple who have no vices". Ronald Reagan was skeptical about marriage, however, following his painful 1948 divorce from Jane Wyman, and he still saw other women. After three years of dating, he eventually proposed to Davis in the couple's favorite booth at the Beverly Hills restaurant Chasen's. They married on March 4, 1952 in a simple ceremony designed to avoid the press at the Little Brown Church in the San Fernando Valley of Los Angeles. The only people in attendance were actor William Holden, the best man, and his wife, the matron of honor. The couple's first child, Patricia Ann Reagan (better known by her professional name, Patti Davis), was born on October 21, 1952. Their son, Ronald Prescott Reagan, was born six years later on May 20. Nancy Reagan also became stepmother to Maureen Reagan (19412001) and Michael Reagan (born 1945), the children of her husband's first marriage to Jane Wyman.
Nancy and Ronald Reagan on a boat in 1964
The Reagan family in 1967, shortly after Ronald Reagan's inauguration as Governor of California
Observers described Ronald and Nancy Reagan's relationship as intimate. As president and first lady, the Reagans were reported to display their affection frequently, with one press secretary noting, "They never took each other for granted. They never stopped courting." Ronald often called Nancy "Mommy"; she called him "Ronnie". While the President was recuperating in the hospital after the 1981 assassination attempt, Nancy Reagan wrote in her diary, "Nothing can happen to my Ronnie. My life would be over." In a letter to Nancy, Ronald wrote, "whatever I treasure and enjoy all would be without meaning if I didn have you." In 1998, while her husband was afflicted with Alzheimer's disease, Nancy told Vanity Fair, "Our relationship is very special. We were very much in love and still are. When I say my life began with Ronnie, well, it's true. It did. I can't imagine life without him." Nancy was known for the focused and attentive look, termed "the Gaze", that she fastened upon her husband during his speeches and appearances. President Reagan's death in June 2004 ended what Charlton Heston called "the greatest love affair in the history of the American Presidency."
Nancy's relationship with her children was not always as close as that with her husband; she frequently quarreled with her biological children and her stepchildren. Her relationship with Patti was the most contentious; Patti flouted American conservatism and rebelled against her parents by joining the nuclear freeze movement and authoring many anti-Reagan books. The nearly 20 years of family feuding left her very much estranged from both her mother and father. Soon after her father was diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease, Patti and her mother reconciled and began to speak on a daily basis. Nancy's disagreements with Michael were also public matters; in 1984, she was quoted as saying that the two were in an "estrangement right now". Michael responded that Nancy was trying to cover up for the fact she had not met his daughter, Ashley, who had been born nearly a year earlier. They too eventually made peace. Nancy was thought to be closest to her stepdaughter Maureen during the White House years, but each of the Reagan children experienced periods of estrangement from their parents.
First Lady of California, 19671975
Nancy as the First Lady of California
Reagan was First Lady of California during her husband's two terms as governor. She disliked living in Sacramento, which lacked the excitement, social life, and mild climate to which she was accustomed in Los Angeles. She first attracted controversy early in 1967, when, after four months' residence in the California Governor's Mansion in Sacramento, she moved her family into a wealthy suburb because fire officials had labeled the mansion as a "firetrap". Though the Reagans leased the new house at their expense, the move was viewed by many as snobbish. Nancy defended her actions as being for the good of her family, a judgment with which her husband readily agreed. Friends of the family later helped support the cost of the leased house, while Nancy Reagan supervised construction of a new ranch-style governor's residence in nearby Carmichael. The new residence was finished just as Ronald Reagan left office in 1975, but his successor, Jerry Brown, refused to live there. It was sold in 1982, and California governors have been living in improvised arrangements ever since.
In 1967 Nancy Reagan was appointed by her husband to the California Arts Commission, and a year later was named Los Angeles Times' Woman of the Year; in its profile, the Times labeled her "A Model First Lady". Her glamour, style, and youthfulness made her a frequent subject for press photographers. As first lady, Reagan visited veterans, the elderly, and the handicapped, and worked with a number of charities. She became quite involved with the Foster Grandparents Program, helping to popularize it in the United States, then in Australia. She later expanded her work with the organization after arriving in Washington, and wrote about her experiences in her 1982 book To Love a Child. The Reagans held dinners for former POWs and Vietnam War veterans while governor and first lady.
Role in 1976 and 1980 presidential campaigns
Main articles: United States presidential election, 1976 and United States presidential election, 1980
Governor Reagan's term ended in 1975, and he did not run for a third; instead, he met with advisors to discuss a possible bid for the presidency in 1976, challenging incumbent President Gerald Ford. Reagan still needed to convince a reluctant Nancy before running, however. She feared for her husband's health and his career as a whole, though she felt that he was the right man for the job and eventually approved. Nancy took on a more traditional role in the campaign, holding coffees, luncheons, and talks with senior citizens. With that, she oversaw personnel, monitored her husband's schedule, and occasionally provided press conferences. The 1976 campaign included the so-called "battle of the queens", contrasting Nancy with First Lady Betty Ford. They both spoke out over the course of the campaign on similar issues, but with different approaches. Nancy was particularly upset by the warmonger image that the Ford campaign had drawn of her husband.
Though he lost the 1976 Republican nomination, Reagan ran again for the presidency in 1980 and succeeded in winning the nomination and election. During this second campaign, Nancy played a very prominent role and her management of staff became more apparent. She arranged a meeting among feuding campaign managers John Sears and Michael Deaver and her husband, which resulted in Deaver leaving the campaign and Sears being given full control. After the Reagan camp lost the Iowa caucus and fell behind in New Hampshire polls, Nancy organized a second meeting and decided it was time to fire Sears and his associates; she gave Sears a copy of the press release announcing his dismissal. Her influence on her husband became particularly notable; her presence at rallies, luncheons, and receptions increased his confidence.
First Lady of the United States, 19811989
First Lady Nancy Reagan and President Reagan during the inaugural parade, 1981
White House glamour
Renovation
Nancy Reagan became the First Lady of the United States when Ronald Reagan was inaugurated as president in January 1981. Early in her husband's presidency, Reagan stated her desire to create a more suitable "first home" in the White House, as the building had fallen into a state of disrepair following years of neglect. White House aide Michael Deaver described the second and third floor family residence as having "cracked plaster walls, chipped paint [and] beaten up floors;" rather than use government funds to renovate and redecorate, she sought private donations. Nancy directed a major renovation of several White House rooms, including all of the second and third floors and rooms adjacent to the Oval Office, including the press briefing room. The renovation included repainting walls, refinishing floors, repairing fireplaces, and replacing antique pipes, windows, and wires. The closet in the master bedroom was converted into a beauty parlor and dressing room, and the West bedroom was made into a small gymnasium.
The first lady secured the assistance of renowned interior designer Ted Graber, popular with affluent West Coast social figures, to redecorate the family living quarters. A Chinese-pattern, handpainted wallpaper was added to the master bedroom. Family furniture was placed in the president's private study. The first lady and her designer retrieved a number of White House antiques, which had been in storage, and placed them throughout the mansion.
The extensive redecoration was paid for by private donations. Many significant and long-lasting changes occurred as a result of the renovation and refurbishment, of which Nancy Reagan said, "This house belongs to all Americans, and I want it to be something of which they can be proud."
Fashion
The new first lady in her inaugural attire, 1981
Another of Nancy Reagan's trademarks was her interest in fashion. While her husband was still president-elect, press reports speculated about Nancy's social life and interest in fashion. In many press accounts, Nancy's sense of style was favorably compared to that of previous First Lady Jacqueline Kennedy. Friends and those close to her remarked that, while fashionable like Kennedy, she would be different than other first ladies; close friend Harriet Deutsch was quoted as saying, "Nancy has her own imprint."
Nancy Reagan's wardrobe consisted of dresses, gowns, and suits made by luxury designers, including James Galanos, Bill Blass, Adolfo, and Oscar de la Renta. Her white, hand-beaded, one shoulder Galanos 1981 inaugural gown was estimated to cost $10,000 while the overall price of her inaugural wardrobe was said to cost $25,000. She favored the color red, calling it "a picker-upper", and wore it accordingly. Her wardrobe included red so often, that the fire-engine shade became known as "Reagan red". She employed two private hairdressers that would style her hair on a regular basis in the White House.
Reagan models for Vogue magazine in the Red Room, 1981
Fashion designers were pleased with the emphasis Nancy Reagan placed on clothing. Adolfo said the first lady embodied an "elegant, affluent, well-bred, chic American look," while Bill Blass commented, "I don't think there's been anyone in the White House since Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis who has her flair." William Fine, president of cosmetic company Frances Denney, noted that she "stays in style, but she doesn't become trendy."
Though her elegant fashions and wardrobe were hailed as a "glamourous paragon of chic", they were also controversial subjects. In 1982, she revealed that she had accepted thousands of dollars in clothing, jewelry, and other gifts, but defended her actions by stating that she had borrowed the clothes and that they would either be returned or donated to museums, and that she was promoting the American fashion industry. Facing criticism, she soon said she would no longer accept such loans. While often buying her clothes, she continued to borrow and sometimes keep designer clothes throughout her time as first lady, which came to light in 1988. None of this had been included on financial disclosure forms; the non-reporting of loans under $10,000 in liability was in violation of a voluntary agreement the White House had made in 1982, while not reporting more valuable loans or clothes not returned was a possible violation of the Ethics in Government Act. Nancy expressed through her press secretary "regrets that she failed to heed counsel's advice" on disclosing them.
Despite the controversy, many designers who allowed her to borrow clothing noted that the arrangement was good for their businesses as well as for the American fashion industry overall. In 1989, Nancy was honored at the annual gala awards dinner of the Council of Fashion Designers of America, during which she received the council's lifetime achievement award. Barbara Walters said of her, "She has served every day for eight long years the word 'style.'"
Elegance and formality
Approximately a year into her husband's first term, Nancy Reagan explored the idea of ordering new state china service for the White House. A full china service had not been purchased since the Truman administration in the 1940s, as only a partial service was ordered in the Johnson administration. She was quoted as saying, "The White House really badly, badly needs china." Working with Lenox, the primary porcelain manufacturer in America, the first lady chose a design scheme of a red with etched gold band, bordering the scarlet and cream colored ivory plates with a raised presidential seal etched in gold in the center. The full service comprised 4,370 pieces, with 19 pieces per individual set. The service totaled $209,508. Although it was paid for by private donations, some from the private Knapp Foundation, the purchase generated quite a controversy, for it was ordered at a time when the nation was undergoing an economic recession.
The new china, White House renovations, expensive clothing, and her attendance at the wedding of Charles and Diana, Prince and Princess of Wales, gave her an aura of being "out of touch" with the American people during an economic recession. This and her taste for splendor inspired the derogatory nickname "Queen Nancy". While Jacqueline Kennedy had also faced some press criticism for her spending habits, Reagan's treatment was much more consistent and negative. In an attempt to deflect the criticism, she self-deprecatingly donned a baglady costume at the 1982 Gridiron Dinner and sang "Second-Hand Clothes", mimicking the song "Second-Hand Rose". The skit helped to restore her reputation.
Reagan and her husband with her predecessor as First Lady, Jackie Kennedy, widow of President Kennedy, in 1985. Nancy and Jackie were often compared due to their glamour, in contrast to the intervening First Ladies.
Nancy Reagan reflected on the criticisms in her 1989 autobiography, My Turn. Reagan describes lunching with former Democratic National Committee chairman Robert Strauss, wherein Strauss said to her, "When you first came to town, Nancy, I didn't like you at all. But after I got to know you, I changed my mind and said, 'She's some broad!'" Nancy responded, "Bob, based on the press reports I read then, I wouldn't have liked me either!"
After the presidencies of Gerald Ford (who favored the Michigan fight song over "Hail to the Chief") and Jimmy Carter (who dramatically reduced the formality of presidential functions), Nancy brought a Kennedy-esque glamour back into the White House. She hosted 56 state dinners over eight years, compared to six by George and Laura Bush. She remarked that hosting the dinners is "the easiest thing in the world. You don't have to do anything. Just have a good time and do a little business. And that's the way Washington works." In 1987, Mikhail Gorbachev became the first Soviet leader to visit Washington, D.C. since Nikita Khrushchev in 1959, and Nancy Reagan was in charge of planning and hosting the important and highly anticipated state dinner. After the meal, Nancy recruited pianist Van Cliburn to sing a rendition of "Moscow Nights" for the Soviet delegation, to which Mikhail and Raisa broke out into song. Former Secretary of State George Shultz commented on the evening, saying "We felt the ice of the Cold War crumbling." Nancy concluded, "It was a perfect ending for one of the great evenings of my husband's presidency."
Just Say No
Main article: Just Say No
Nancy Reagan launched the "Just Say No" drug awareness campaign in 1982, which was her primary project and major initiative as first lady. Nancy first became aware of the need to educate young people about drugs during a 1980 campaign stop in Daytop Village, New York. She remarked in 1981 that "Understanding what drugs can do to your children, understanding peer pressure and understanding why they turn to drugs is... the first step in solving the problem." Her campaign focused on drug education and informing the youth of the danger of drug abuse.
Reagan gives a speech at a Just Say No rally in Los Angeles, 1987
In 1982, Nancy Reagan was asked by a schoolgirl what to do when offered drugs; Nancy responded "Just say no." The phrase proliferated in the popular culture of the 1980s and was eventually adopted as the name of club organizations and school anti-drug programs. Reagan became actively involved by traveling more than 250,000 miles (400,000 km) throughout the United States and several nations, visiting drug abuse prevention programs and drug rehabilitation centers. She also appeared on television talk shows, recorded public service announcements, and wrote guest articles. She appeared in an episode of the hit television drama Dynasty to underscore support for the anti-drug campaign. As she continued to promote "Just Say No", she appeared in an episode of the popular 1980s sitcom Diff'rent Strokes and in a 1985 rock music video, "Stop the Madness". When asked about her campaign, the first lady remarked, "If you can save just one child, it's worth it."
In 1985, Nancy expanded the campaign to an international level by inviting the First Ladies of various nations to the White House for a conference on drug abuse. On October 27, 1986, President Reagan signed a drug enforcement bill into law, which granted $1.7 billion in funding to fight the crisis and ensured a mandatory minimum penalty for drug offenses. Although the bill was criticized by some, Nancy Reagan considered it a personal victory. In 1988, she became the first First Lady invited to address the United Nations General Assembly, where she spoke on international drug interdiction and trafficking laws.
Reagan hosts the First Ladies Conference on Drug Abuse at the White House, 1985.
Critics of Reagan's efforts questioned their purpose and argued that the program did not go far enough in addressing many social issues, including unemployment, poverty, and family dissolution; Nancy's approach to promoting drug awareness was labeled as simplistic by liberal critics. Nonetheless, a number of "Just Say No" clubs and organizations remain in operation around the country, and they aim to educate children and teenagers about the effects of drugs.
Her husband's protector
Nancy Reagan assumed the role of unofficial "protector" for her husband after the attempted assassination on his life in 1981. On March 30 of that year, President Reagan and three others were shot as they left the Washington Hilton Hotel. Nancy was alerted and arrived at George Washington University Hospital, where the President was hospitalized. She recalled having seen "emergency rooms before, but I had never seen one like thisith my husband in it." She was escorted into a waiting room, and when granted access to see her husband, he quipped to her, "Honey, I forgot to duck", borrowing the defeated boxer Jack Dempsey's jest to his wife.
An early example of her protective nature occurred when Senator Strom Thurmond entered the President's hospital room that day in March, passing the Secret Service detail by claiming he was the President's "close friend", presumably to acquire media attention. Nancy was outraged and demanded he leave. While the president recuperated in the hospital, the first lady slept with one of his shirts to be comforted by the scent. When Reagan was released from the hospital on April 12, she escorted him back to the White House.
Press accounts framed Nancy as her husband's "chief protector", an extension of their general initial framing of her as a helpmate and a Cold War domestic ideal.
Influence in the White House
"The Gaze": Nancy watches as her husband is sworn in for a second term by Chief Justice Warren Burger, on January 20, 1985.
Nancy stated in her memoirs, "I felt panicky every time [Ronald] left the White House" following the assassination attempt, and made it her concern to know her husband's schedule: the events he would be attending, and with whom. Eventually, this protectiveness led to her consulting an astrologer, Joan Quigley, who offered insight on which days were "good", "neutral", or should be avoided, which influenced her husband's White House schedule. Days were color-coded according to the astrologer's advice to discern precisely which days and times would be optimal for the president's safety and success. The White House Chief of Staff, Donald Regan, grew frustrated with this regimen, which created friction between him and the First Lady. This escalated with the revelation of the Iran-Contra affair, an administration scandal, in which the First Lady felt Regan was damaging the president. She thought he should resign, and expressed this to her husband although he did not share her view. Regan wanted President Reagan to address the Iran-Contra matter in early 1987 by means of a press conference, though Nancy refused to allow Reagan to overexert himself due to a recent prostate surgery and astrological warnings. Regan became so angry with Nancy that he hung up on her during a 1987 telephone conversation. According to former ABC News correspondent Sam Donaldson, when the President heard of this treatment, he demandednd eventually receivedegan's resignation. In his 1988 memoirs, Regan wrote about Nancy's consultations with the astrologer, the first public mention of them, which resulted in embarrassment for the First Lady. Nancy later wrote, "Astrology was simply one of the ways I coped with the fear I felt after my husband almost died... Was astrology one of the reasons [further attempts did not occur]? I don't really believe it was, but I don't really believe it wasn't."
The Reagans talk in the Oval Office, 1985
Nancy Reagan wielded a powerful influence over President Reagan. Again stemming from the assassination attempt, she strictly controlled access to the president and even occasionally attempted to influence her husband's decision making.
Beginning in 1985, Nancy strongly encouraged her husband to hold "summit" conferences with Soviet General Secretary Gorbachev, and suggested they form a personal relationship beforehand. Both Ronald Reagan and Mikhail Gorbachev had developed a productive relationship through their summit negotiations. The relationship between Nancy Reagan and Raisa Gorbachev was anything but the friendly, diplomatic one between their husbands; Nancy found Raisa hard to converse with and their relationship was described as "frosty". The two women usually had tea, and discussed differences between the USSR and the United States. Visiting the U.S. for the first time in 1987, Raisa irked Reagan with lectures on subjects ranging from architecture to socialism, reportedly prompting the American President's wife to quip, "Who does that dame think she is?"
Press framing of Nancy changed from that of just helpmate and protector to someone with hidden power. As the image of her as a political interloper grew, she sought to explicitly deny that she was the power behind the throne. At the end of her time as First Lady, however, she said that her husband had not been well-served by his staff. She acknowledged her role in reaction in influencing him on personnel decisions, saying "In no way do I apologize for it." She wrote in her memoirs, "I don't think I was as bad, or as extreme in my power or my weakness, as I was depicted," but went on, "[H]owever the first lady fits in, she has a unique and important role to play in looking after her husband. And it's only natural that she'll let him know what she thinks. I always did that for Ronnie, and I always will."
Breast cancer
In October 1987, a mammogram detected a lesion in Nancy Reagan's left breast and she was subsequently diagnosed with breast cancer. She chose to undergo a mastectomy rather than a lumpectomy and the breast was removed on October 17, 1987. Not long after the operation, her mother, Edith Luckett Davis, died in Phoenix, Arizona, leading Nancy to dub the period "a terrible month".
After the surgery, more women across the country had mammograms, an example of the influence the first lady possesses.
Later life
Though Nancy was a controversial First Lady, 56 percent of Americans had a favorable opinion of her when her husband left office on January 20, 1989, with 18 percent having an unfavorable opinion and the balance not giving an opinion. Compared to fellow First Ladies when their husbands left office, Reagan's approval was higher than those of Rosalynn Carter and Hillary Rodham Clinton, however she was less popular than Barbara Bush and her disapproval rating was double that of Carter's.
Nancy Reagan's official White House portrait hangs in the Vermeil Room.
Upon leaving the White House, the couple returned to California, where they purchased a home in the Bel Air section of Los Angeles, dividing their time between Bel Air and the Reagan Ranch in Santa Barbara, California; Ronald and Nancy regularly attended Bel Air Presbyterian Church as well. After leaving Washington, Nancy made numerous public appearances, many on behalf of her husband. She continues to reside at the Bel Air home, where she lived with her husband until his death on June 5, 2004.
Early post-White House activities
In late 1989, the former First Lady established the Nancy Reagan Foundation, which aimed to continue to educate people about the dangers of substance abuse. The Foundation teamed with the BEST Foundation For A Drug-Free Tomorrow in 1994, and developed the Nancy Reagan Afterschool Program. She continued to travel around the nation, speaking out against drug and alcohol abuse. After President Reagan revealed that he had been diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease in 1994, she made herself his primary caregiver and became actively involved with the National Alzheimer's Association and its affiliate, the Ronald and Nancy Reagan Research Institute in Chicago, Illinois.
Ronnie's long journey has finally taken him to a distant place where I can no longer reach him.
ancy Reagan, May 2004
Also in 1989 she published My Turn: The Memoirs of Nancy Reagan, which gives an account of her life in the White House, speaking openly about her influence within the Reagan administration and discussing the myths and controversies that surrounded the couple. In 1991, the controversial author Kitty Kelley wrote an unauthorized and largely uncited biography about Nancy Reagan, repeating accounts of a poor relationship with her children and introducing rumors of alleged sexual relations with singer Frank Sinatra. A wide range of sources commented that Kelley's largely unsupported claims are most likely false.
In 1989 the Internal Revenue Service began investigating the Reagans for whether they owed additional tax on the gifts and loans of high-fashion clothes and jewelry to Nancy during their time in the White House (recipients benefiting from the display of such items recognize taxable income even if they are returned). In 1992 the IRS determined the Reagans had failed to include some $3 million worth of fashion items between 1983 and 1988 on their tax returns; they were billed for a large amount of back taxes and interest, which was subsequently paid.
Nancy Reagan was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom, the nation's highest civilian honor, by President George W. Bush on July 9, 2002. President Reagan received his own Presidential Medal of Freedom in January 1993. Nancy and her husband were jointly awarded the Congressional Gold Medal on May 16, 2002 at the Capitol, and were only the third President and First Lady to receive it; she accepted the medal on behalf of both of them.
Ronald Reagan's funeral
Former First Lady Nancy Reagan says her last goodbye to President Ronald Reagan on June 11, 2004, prior to the interment and concluding a week-long state funeral for the president.
Further information: Death and state funeral of Ronald Reagan
Ronald Reagan died in their Bel Air home on June 5, 2004. During the seven-day state funeral, Nancy, accompanied by her children and military escort, led the nation in mourning by keeping a strong composure, traveling from her home to the Reagan Library for a memorial service, then to Washington, D.C., where her husband's body lay in state for 34 hours prior to a national funeral service in the Washington National Cathedral. She returned to the library in California for a sunset memorial service and interment, where, overcome with emotion, she lost her composure, crying in public for the first time during the week. After accepting the folded flag, she kissed the casket and mouthed "I love you" before leaving. Journalist Wolf Blitzer said of Reagan during the week, "She's a very, very strong woman, even though she looks frail."
She had directed the detailed planning of the funeral, including ordering all the major events and asking former President George H. W. Bush as well as former British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher and former Canadian Prime Minister Brian Mulroney to speak during the National Cathedral Service. She paid very close attention to the details, something she had always done in her husband's life. Betsy Bloomingdale, one of Reagan's closest friends, stated, "She looks a little frail. But she is very strong inside. She is. She has the strength. She is doing her last thing for Ronnie. And she is going to get it right." The funeral marked Reagan's first major public appearance since delivering a speech to the 1996 Republican National Convention on her husband's behalf.
The funeral had a great impact on Reagan's public image. Following substantial criticism during her tenure as first lady, she was seen somewhat as a national heroine, praised by many for supporting and caring for her husband while he suffered from Alzheimer's disease. U.S. News & World Report opined, "after a decade in the shadows, a different, softer Nancy Reagan emerged."
Life after Ronald
Reagan has remained active in politics, particularly relating to stem cell research. Beginning in 2004, she favored what many consider to be the Democratic Party's position, and urged President George W. Bush to support federally funded embryonic stem cell research in the hope that this science could lead to a cure for Alzheimer's disease. Although she failed to change the president's position, she did support his campaign for a second term.
In 2005, Reagan was honored at a gala dinner at the Ronald Reagan Building in Washington, D.C. where guests included Dick Cheney, Harry Reid and Condoleezza Rice. It was her first major public appearance since the funeral. Asked what her future plans were, Reagan shook her head and responded, "I don't know. I'll know when I'll know. But the [Reagan] library is Ronnie, so that's where I spend my time."
Nancy Reagan dedicates the Air Force One Pavilion at the Reagan Library with President and Laura Bush, October 2005
In 2007, she attended the national funeral service for Gerald Ford in the Washington National Cathedral. Nancy Reagan hosted two 2008 Republican Presidential Candidates Debates at the Reagan Presidential Library, the first in May 2007 and the second in January 2008. While she did not participate in the discussions, she sat in the front row and listened as the men vying to become the nation's 44th president claimed to be a rightful successor to her husband. Though some speculation arose as to whether Reagan might support New York City Mayor Michael Bloomberg in a presidential bid, nothing came of it. She formally endorsed Senator John McCain, then the presumptive Republican party nominee, for president on March 25.
Nancy Reagan, center, receives an honorary degree from Eureka College, March 31, 2009
Nancy Reagan and one of her successors, Michelle Obama, at a luncheon, June 3, 2009
She attended the funeral of Lady Bird Johnson in Austin, Texas on July 14, 2007 and three days later accepted the highest Polish distinction, the Order of the White Eagle, on behalf of Ronald Reagan at the Reagan Library. The Reagan Library opened the temporary exhibit "Nancy Reagan: A First Lady's Style", which displayed over eighty designer dresses belonging to the first lady.
Nancy Reagan's health and well being became a prominent concern in 2008. In February she suffered a fall at her Bel Air home and was taken to St. John's Health Center in Santa Monica, California. Doctors reported that she did not break a hip as feared and she was released from the hospital two days later. News commentators noted that Reagan's step had slowed significantly, as the following month she walked in very slow strides with John McCain. NBC's Brian Williams, who attended a dinner with Reagan in mid-2008, recalled, "Mrs. Reagan's vision isn't what it always was so she was taking very halting steps as a lot of folks her age do... [I]t is so important for folks in her age bracket and in her bracket of life to remain upright and captain of their own ship. She very much is captain of her own ship." As for her mental ability, Williams remarked, "She's as sharp as ever and enjoys a robust life with her friends in California, but [falling] is always a danger of course. She's a very stoic, hardy person full of joy and excitement for life... She is not without opinions on politics and political types these days... She is, as most of her friends described her, a pistol."
In October 2008, Reagan was admitted to Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center after having fallen at home; doctors determined that the 87-year-old had fractured her pelvis and sacrum and could recuperate at home with a regimen of physical therapy. As a result of her mishap, medical articles were published containing information on how to prevent falls. In January 2009, Reagan was said to be "improving every day and starting to get out more and more."
In March 2009 she praised President Barack Obama for reversing the ban on federally funded embryonic stem cell research. She traveled to Washington, D.C. in June 2009 to unveil a statue of her late husband in the Capitol Rotunda. She was also on hand as President Obama signed the Ronald Reagan Centennial Commission Act and lunched privately with Michelle Obama. Nancy revealed in an interview with Vanity Fair that Michelle Obama had telephoned her for advice on living and entertaining in the White House. Following the August 2009 death of Senator Edward M. Kennedy, she said she was "terribly saddened ... Given our political differences, people are sometimes surprised how close Ronnie and I have been to the Kennedy family. ... I will miss him."
Filmography
The Doctor and the Girl (1949)
East Side, West Side (1949)
Shadow on the Wall (1950)
The Next Voice You Hear... (1950)
Night Into Morning (1951)
It's a Big Country (1951)
Talk About a Stranger (1952)
Shadow in the Sky (1952)
Donovan's Brain (1953)
Rescue at Sea (also known as Crash Landing1955)
The Dark Wave (1956)
Hellcats of the Navy (1957)
Footnotes
^ a b Edith Luckett at Internet Movie Database
^ a b Edith Luckett at Internet Broadway Database
^ a b c d e "Nancy Reagan > Her Life & Times". Ronald Reagan Presidential Foundation. http://www.reaganlibrary.com/reagan/nancy/nancy_bio.asp. Retrieved 2007-09-22.
^ When Nancy Davis signed with MGM, she gave her birthdate as July 6, 1923, shaving two years off her age, a common practice in Hollywood (see Cannon, Governor Reagan, p. 75). This caused subsequent confusion as some sources would continue to use the incorrect birth year.
^ Powling, Anne; John O'Connor, Geoff Barton (1997). New Oxford English. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0198311923. p. 79
^ Some sources and websites erroneously list her as either being born in Flushing or being raised in Manhattan.
^ Reagan, Nancy (1989), p. 66
^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t "First Lady Biography: Nancy Reagan". National First Ladies Library. http://www.firstladies.org/biographies/firstladies.aspx?biography=41. Retrieved 2007-06-02.
^ Wills (1987), p. 182
^ David Gonzalez (1991-04-12). "Talk and More Talk About Nancy (That One!) in Flushing". New York Times. http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9D0CE7DE123CF931A25757C0A967958260. Retrieved 2007-10-29.
^ a b Reagan, Nancy (1989), p. 67
^ "The 'just say no' first lady". MSNBC. February 18, 2004. http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/4297405. Retrieved 2007-10-16.
^ Reagan, Nancy (1989), p. 71
^ a b c d e f Lally Weymouth (1980-10-26). "The Biggest Role of Nancy's Life" (fee required). The New York Times Magazine. http://select.nytimes.com/mem/archive/pdf?res=F70F1FF9395C17728DDDAF0A94D8415B8084F1D3. Retrieved 2007-10-20.
^ Reagan, Nancy (1989), p. 74
^ Reagan, Nancy (1989), p. 82
^ "Lute Song". Internet Broadway Database. http://www.ibdb.com/production.php?id=1771. Retrieved 2007-10-18.
^ Reagan, Nancy (1989), p. 85
^ Reagan, Nancy (1989), p. 88
^ "Biography for Nancy Davis". Turner Broadcasting System, Inc. 2007. http://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/participant.jsp?participantId=45332. Retrieved 2007-10-17.
^ a b c d e Cannon, Lou (2003), pp. 7576
^ a b c "Nancy Reagan > Her Films". Ronald Reagan Foundation. http://www.reaganfoundation.org/reagan/nancy/films.asp. Retrieved 2007-03-08.
^ A. H. Weiler (credited as "A. W.") (1950-05-19). "Another View of Psychiatrist's Task". The New York Times. http://select.nytimes.com/mem/archive/pdf?res=F70F1FF83E5D147B93CBA8178ED85F448585F9. Retrieved 2007-10-18.
^ Bosley Crowther (1950-06-30). "'The Next Voice You Hear ...', Dore Schary Production, Opens at Music Hall". The New York Times. http://select.nytimes.com/mem/archive/pdf?res=FB0B14F93D5C127A93C2AA178DD85F448585F9. Retrieved 2007-10-18.
^ Sindelar, Dave. "The Next Voice You Hear... (1950)". SciFilm. http://www.toptenreviews.com/scripts/eframe/url.htm?u=http://www.scifilm.org/musings2/musing822.html. Retrieved 2007-10-17.
^ Reagan, Nancy (1989), p. 91
^ Bosley Crowther (1951-06-11). "'Night Into Morning,' Starring Ray Milland as a Bereaved Professor, at Loew's State". The New York Times. http://select.nytimes.com/mem/archive/pdf?res=FA081EFA3855177B93C3A8178DD85F458585F9. Retrieved 2007-10-18.
^ Richard L. Coe (1951-06-09). "'Night Into Morning' Is Almost Excellent" (fee required). The Washington Post. http://proquest.umi.com/pdf/fa58d77382f20db57572666f678f207a/1202604554/share2/pqimage/hnirs3/20080209191917226/27518/out.pdf. Retrieved 2008-02-09.
^ Wills (1987), p. 184.
^ Bosley Crowther (1954-01-21). "' Donovan's Brain,' Science-Fiction Thriller, Has Premiere at the Criterion Theatre". The New York Times. http://select.nytimes.com/mem/archive/pdf?res=F00A12FC3A5A117A93C3AB178AD85F408585F9. Retrieved 2007-10-20.
^ Erickson, Glenn (2003). "Hellcats of the Navy, review one". Kleinman.com Inc. http://www.toptenreviews.com/scripts/eframe/url.htm?u=http://www.dvdtalk.com/dvdsavant/s808hell.html. Retrieved 2007-10-17.
^ Harper, Erick (2003). "Hellcats Of The Navy, review two". DVDVerdict. http://www.dvdverdict.com/reviews/hellcatsnavy.php. Retrieved 2007-10-17.
^ a b Lambert, Pat (1997-01-27). "To The Top". People. http://www.albertbrooks.com/articles/peoplemag97.html. Retrieved 2009-05-14.
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^ "Noteworthy places in Reagan's life". The Baltimore Sun. 2004-06-05. http://www.baltimoresun.com/sports/golf/sns-ap-reagan-places,0,1844441.story?page=2. Retrieved 2007-04-11.
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^ Beschloss, Michael (2007), p. 296
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^ a b Berry, Deborah Barfield (June 6, 2004). "By Reagan's Side, but her own person". Newsday. http://www.newsday.com/news/nationworld/nation/ny-usnanc063835985jun06,0,3872519.story?coll=ny-nationalnews-headlines. Retrieved 2007-08-15.
^ a b c Beschloss, Michael (2007), p. 284
^ "Reagan Love Story". NBC News. June 9, 2004. http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/4201869/. Retrieved 2007-05-25.
^ "Up Next for Nancy Reagan: tending her Ronnie's flame". St. Petersburg Times. June 13, 2004. http://www.sptimes.com/2004/06/13/Worldandnation/Up_next_for_Nancy_Rea.shtml. Retrieved 2007-03-08.
^ "Road To A Reconciliation". CBS. March 27, 2009. http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2009/03/27/sunday/main4898395.shtml?source=RSS&attr=_4898395. Retrieved 2009-06-04.
^ Reagan, Nancy (1989), pp. 148149
^ a b c Cannon, Lou (2003), p. 233
^ a b Reagan, Nancy (1989), pp. 135137
^ a b Charlie LeDuff (2004-11-19). "Forget the White House, Schwarzenegger Needs Digs Now". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2004/11/19/national/19mansion.html. Retrieved 2007-10-19.
^ Robert_Windeler (1967-11-17). "Reagan Panel Fills Arts Chief's Post After It Ousted Aide". The New York Times. http://select.nytimes.com/mem/archive/pdf?res=F1071FF93D5E1A718DDDAE0994D9415B878AF1D3. Retrieved 2007-10-18.
^ Lynn Lilliston (1968-12-13). "A Model First Lady". Los Angeles Times. http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/latimes/access/527764082.html?dids=527764082:527764082&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:AI&type=historic&date=Dec+13,+1968&author=LYNN+LILLISTON&pub=Los+Angeles+Times+(1886-Current+File)&edition;=&startpage=F1&desc=TIMES+WOMAN+OF+THE+YEAR. Retrieved 2007-10-19.
^ a b "Foster Grandparent's Program". Scholastic. http://www2.scholastic.com/browse/article.jsp?id=4649. Retrieved 2007-03-08.
^ Anthony, C.S. (2003), p. 135
^ Samantha Jonas (2004-06-05). "Bio: Nancy Reagan". Fox News. http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,63814,00.html. Retrieved 2007-10-19.
^ Timberg, Robert (1999). John McCain: An American Odyssey. Touchstone Books. ISBN 0-684-86794-X. pp. 119121
^ Benze, James G. (2005), p. 32
^ a b c Loizeau, P.M. (2004), p. 64
^ a b c Benze, James G., Jr. (2005), p. 33
^ Loizeau, P.M. (2004), p. 65
^ Loizeau, P.M. (2004), p. 69
^ a b Wolf, Julie.. "The American Experience: Nancy Reagan". PBS. http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/reagan/peopleevents/pande03.html. Retrieved 2008-01-22.
^ a b Deaver, Michael (2004), p. 78
^ "Nancy Reagan". The White House Historical Association. http://www.whitehousehistory.org/05/subs/05_b20.html. Retrieved 2008-02-01.
^ "Brady Press Briefing Room". The White House Museum. http://www.whitehousemuseum.org/west-wing/press-briefing-room.htm. Retrieved 2008-02-01.
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^ a b c d e Nemy, Enid (June 12, 2000). "Ted Graber, 80, Decorator for Reagans, Dies". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2000/06/12/us/ted-graber-80-decorator-for-reagans-dies.html. Retrieved 2009-07-21.
^ "Master Bedroom". The White House Museum. http://www.whitehousemuseum.org/floor2/master-bedroom.htm. Retrieved 2008-02-01.
^ a b Nemy, Enid (November 11, 1980). "Nancy Reagan's White House: what's ahead?". The New York Times published in The Pittsburgh Post-Gazette (Google News Archives). http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=v08NAAAAIBAJ&sjid=yG0DAAAAIBAJ&dq=nancy reagan fashion&pg=7004,1576501. Retrieved 2009-07-22.
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^ Stevens, Dana (February 6, 2008). "Color Me Nancy Reagan Red". Slate.com. http://www.slate.com/blogs/blogs/xxfactor/archive/2008/02/06/color-me-nancy-reagan-red.aspx. Retrieved 2008-06-18.
^ King, Wayne and Warren Weaver, Jr. (August 23, 1986). "Washington Talk: Briefing; A Do Ado". http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9A0DE0D81338F930A1575BC0A960948260. Retrieved 2008-06-18.
^ "For Mrs. Reagan, Gifts Mean High Fashion At No Cost" (fee required). Associated Press for The New York Times. 1982-01-16. http://select.nytimes.com/search/restricted/article?res=F60716FA3A5C0C758DDDA80894DA484D81. Retrieved 2008-02-01.
^ a b Hedrick Smith (1982-02-17). "Nancy Reagan Gives Up Dress Designer Loans" (fee required). The New York Times. http://select.nytimes.com/search/restricted/article?res=F30912F9395F0C748DDDAB0894DA484D81. Retrieved 2008-02-01.
^ a b c d Ed Magnuson (1988-10-24). "Why Mrs. Reagan Still Looks Like a Million". Time. http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,968774-1,00.html. Retrieved 2008-02-01.
^ Kurtz, Howard (1989-12-05). "IRS Looking Into Gifts To Reagans; Borrowed Designer Dresses Subject of Tax Inquiry" (fee required). The Washington Post. http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-1226713.html. Retrieved 2008-02-02.
^ a b Steven V. Roberts (1988-10-18). "First Lady Expresses 'Regrets' on Wardrobe". The New York Times. http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=940DE4DA1E3AF93BA25753C1A96E948260. Retrieved 2008-02-01.
^ John Robinson (1988-10-19). "Nancy Reagan's Dress Blues: Borrowing Clothes From Top Designers May Be Chic, But Is It Proper?" (fee required). The Boston Globe. http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-8084313.html. Retrieved 2008-02-07.
^ a b Hochswender, Woody (January 10, 1989). "Fashion; Amid the Rustle of Finery, Fashion Celebrates Its Own". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/1989/01/10/style/fashion-amid-the-rustle-of-finery-fashion-celebrates-its-own.html. Retrieved 2009-07-22.
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^ Downie, Leonard Jr. (1981-07-30). "Britain Celebrates, Charles Takes a Bride". The Washington Post. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/inatl/longterm/diana/background/wedding1.htm. Retrieved 2007-11-16.
^ Page, Susan (2004-06-13). "Husband's Past will shape Nancy Reagan". USA Today. http://www.usatoday.com/life/people/2004-06-13-nancy-reagan_x.htm. Retrieved 2007-03-08.
^ Neuman, Johanna and David Willman (August 19, 2007). "Michael K. Deaver: 1938 - 2007 - Image guru set the stage for Reagan". The Los Angeles Times: p. 5. http://articles.latimes.com/2007/aug/19/local/me-deaver19?pg=4. Retrieved 2009-07-29.
^ Reagan, Nancy (1989), p. 56
^ Moore, Boothe (January 18, 2009). "Can she stay 'everywoman'?". The Los Angeles Times. http://articles.latimes.com/2009/01/18/features/ig-michelle18. Retrieved 2009-02-05.
^ a b Usborne, David (June 2, 2009). "Nancy Reagan: I still see Ronnie in my bedroom". The Independent. http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/nancy-reagan-i-still-see-ronnie-in-my-bedroom-1694535.html. Retrieved 2009-06-03.
^ Schifando and Joseph (2007), p. 165
^ Schifando and Joseph (2007), pp. 169-172
^ Schifando and Joseph (2007), p. 175
^ Schifando and Joseph (2007), p. 173
^ a b c d ""Mrs. Reagan's Crusade"". Ronald Reagan Foundation. http://www.reaganfoundation.org/reagan/nancy/just_say_no.asp. Retrieved 2007-03-08.
^ "Remarks at the Nancy Reagan Drug Abuse Center Benefit Dinner in Los Angeles, California". Ronald Reagan Foundation. 1989-01-04. http://www.reagan.utexas.edu/archives/speeches/1989/010489a.htm. Retrieved 2007-10-03. "...in Oakland where a schoolchild in an audience Nancy was addressing stood up and asked what she and her friends should say when someone offered them drugs. And Nancy said, "Just say no." And within a few months thousands of Just Say No clubs had sprung up in schools around the country."
^ Loizeau, Pierre-Marie. Nancy Reagan: The Woman Behind the Man (1984). Nova Publishers, pp. 104-105
^ "'Diff'rent Strokes': The Reporter (1983)". The Internet Movie Database. http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0560083/. Retrieved 2007-10-18.
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^ Tribute to Nancy Reagan. [Motion picture]. Motion Picture Association, Ronald Reagan Presidential Library. May 2005. Event occurs at 3:08. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KZM0ioS1g58. Retrieved 2008-11-07.
^ "Thirty Years of America's Drug War". pbs.org. http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/drugs/cron/. Retrieved 2007-04-04.
^ a b Elliott, Jeff (May 1993). "Just say nonsense - Nancy Reagan's drug education programs". Washington Monthly. pp. 3. http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1316/is_n5_v25/ai_13786316/pg_3. Retrieved 2007-10-10.
^ "Final Edited Transcript: Interview with Max Friedersdorf" (PDF). Miller Center of Public Affairs. October 2425, 2002. pp. 60. http://webstorage3.mcpa.virginia.edu/poh/materials/oph_2002_1024_friedersdorf.pdf. Retrieved 2007-10-20. "Mrs. Reagan was all upset, of course. He said that Senator [Strom] Thurmond had come over to the hospital and had talked his way in, past the lobby, up to the President roome in intensive care, tubes coming out of his nose and his throat, tubes in his arms and everythingnd said that Strom Thurmond had talked his way past the secret service into his room and Mrs. Reagan was outraged, distraught. She couldn believe her eyes. He said, 'You know, those guys are crazy. They come over here trying to get a picture in front of the hospital and trying to talk to the President when he may be on his deathbed."
^ Burns, Lisa (2008), pp. 130, 138139
^ Reagan, Nancy (1989), p. 21
^ Ivins, Molly (March 18, 1990). "Stars and Strife". The New York Times. http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9C0CEEDF1030F93BA25750C0A966958260&sec;=&spon;=&pagewanted=print. Retrieved 2007-11-16.
^ Anthony, C.S. (1991), p. 396
^ Anthony, C.S. (1991), p. 398
^ Thomas, Rhys (Writer/Producer); Donaldson, Sam (interviewee). (2005). The Presidents. [Documentary]. A&E Television. http://shop.history.com/detail.php?a=71740.
^ Kurtz, Howard (2007-05-02). "Ronald Reagan, In His Own Words". The Washington Post. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/05/01/AR2007050102070.html. Retrieved 2007-10-20.
^ Reagan, Nancy (1989), p. 44, p. 47
^ a b c d "Nancy Reagan emerges as public icon". BBC News. 2004-06-10. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/3794125.stm. Retrieved 2007-11-02.
^ Reagan, Nancy (1989), p. 62
^ Celestine Bohlen (December 8, 1988). "The Gorbachev Visit; Another Obstacle Falls: Nancy Reagan and Raisa Gorbachev Get Chummy". The New York Times. http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=940DE6DD1039F93BA35751C1A96E948260. Retrieved 2008-10-14.
^ Chua-Eoan, Howard G. (June 6, 1988). ""My Wife Is a Very Independent Lady"". Time. http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,967592-1,00.html. Retrieved 2007-10-05.
^ a b c Burns, Lisa (2008), pp. 139140
^ a b "Nancy Reagan Criticizes Aides to President". The New York Times. Reuters. 1988-11-13. http://www.nytimes.com/1988/11/13/us/nancy-reagan-criticizes-aides-to-president.html. Retrieved 2009-05-16.
^ Reagan, Nancy (1989), p. vii
^ Reagan, Nancy (1989), p. 65
^ Altman, Lawrence K (October 18, 1987). "Surgeons Remove Cancerous Breast of Nancy Reagan". The New York Times. http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?sec=health&res=9B0DE2DA123DF93BA25753C1A961948260. Retrieved 2008-06-23.
^ Reagan, Nancy (1989), p. 285
^ "Perspectives in Disease Prevention and Health Promotion Trends in Screening Mammograms for Women 50 Years of Age and Older Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 1987". Department of Health and Human Services. March 10, 1989. http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00001360.htm. Retrieved 2008-06-23.
^ a b "A Look Back At The Polls". CBS Interactive Inc. June 7, 2004. http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2004/06/07/opinion/polls/main621632.shtml. Retrieved 2007-10-14.
^ Stevens, Pam (January 21, 2001). "Reagan paid back his friends for house they bought for him". CNN. http://archives.cnn.com/2001/ALLPOLITICS/stories/01/26/reagan.house/index.html. Retrieved 2007-11-16.
^ Netburn, Deborah (December 24, 2006). "Agenting for God". Los Angeles Times. http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/latimes/access/1185261551.html?dids=1185261551:1185261551&FMT=ABS. Retrieved 2007-11-16.
^ a b "Ronald Reagan dies at 93". CNN. 2004-06-05. http://www.cnn.com/2004/ALLPOLITICS/06/05/reagan.health/. Retrieved 2007-02-07.
^ "Nancy Reagan: Her Life and Times". Ronald Reagan Presidential Foundation. http://www.reaganfoundation.org/reagan/nancy/nancy_bio.asp. Retrieved 2007-05-12.
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